Essay --

The Society of Tennis Tennis is the world’s quickest developing game today for some reasons. Perhaps the most compelling motivation is the assortment of adversaries one can confront. In analyzing the sport of tennis, most players can be classified into one of four gatherings, the capable, the hares, the pushers, and the blasters. These various players make the game diverse each time one plays. This improves each match, or for the more terrible. The Talent is a player who can adjust his game to give him the best bit of leeway against any adversary, in any climate condition, at whatever point required. He can drop shot, impact, â€Å"thread the needle†, discover shortcomings, and reflex volley. This player will discover what works best and destroy the game. The ability will deplete practically any player. At the most significant levels, the ability may decide to play legitimately into his opponent’s quality. Bill Tilden was famous for this strategy. When inquired as to why he assaulted the other players’ qualities, his answer was, â€Å"That way, once I’ve separated him, all he needs to count on are his weaknesses.† The ability will in general have the option to change techniques and strategies in a split second. He may, inside a set, even inside a point, change starting with one example then onto the next to keep the adversary reeling regardless of the circumstance. The Rabbit is snappy and vigorous. He accepts he can restore any ball and turns into a â€Å"human backboard.† This player depends on his opponent’s misses, as opposed to on any â€Å"money shot† of his own. His quality is that while recovering, they keep the rival stuck to his/her own benchmark. The hare has predictable profundity and consistently consistent pace on his strokes. He just doesn’t appear to work the corners or points the manner in which most baseliners do. On the off chance that one is playing the gauge game ... ...y of a bunny, yet the irregularity of the pusher. Now and again, an apparently apathetic player could walk onto the court and in a flash become one of the capable. The other capable would turn out to be slow time of year, practice slow time of year. Be that as it may, this child won't set forth the exertion. He just doesn’t comprehend where he truly has a place on the court. The capable are players who ooze certainty. They have artfulness, force, speed, and procedure. They contrast with the balanced, athletic, and social An understudy. Then again, the bunnies endeavor to be capable and model the talented’s conduct yet don’t very arrive at that objective. The pushers might want to be acknowledged however don’t need to invest the energy to raise his game. The blaster takes after the competitors in the school who power boast their way through the school. These individuals are acknowledged because of their gigantic force.

Effective Employee Performance free essay sample

Theoretical Effective worker execution the board is significant so as to boost effectiveness. So as to perform at the most elevated level undertaking support, input, information and aptitudes are significant elements. On the off chance that the entertainer has the information and abilities to finish an undertaking it is critical to determine what should be done and give them the essential assets and methods to keep the work process. Execution the board is significant when creating and constructing an association. Its a method to get rid of the entertainers who can't push ahead. Additionally, by eing ready to target entertainers who can go well beyond; execution the executives will help manage the entertainer towards those objectives by evaluating what is instruments and preparing is required so as to accomplish the authoritative objectives. Undertaking Support Heathfield (2007) clarifies, execution the executives is the way toward making a workplace or setting wherein individuals are empowered to perform as well as could be expected (p. We will compose a custom article test on Successful Employee Performance or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 8). The idea of greatest execution result depends on the entertainer having the option to effortlessly relate to the methods. There must be assets vailable, methodology set up, and a framework that is anything but difficult to follow. Schanie and Kemper (2008) clarify, making key arrangement necessitates that the crucial, key arrangement and objectives of the association be conveyed and at last changed over into destinations at each hierarchical outline level, so every administrator and individual donor is clear with respect to individual execution desires (p. 9). By obviously recognizing the authoritative desires entertainers can transcend their own degree of deduction to a more elevated level of execution. It is difficult to picture better standards except if they are made and clarified in an oversimplified manner. Undertaking support is a significant component while overseeing execution since it permits the entertainer to go into an assignment execution pattern of arranging, directing, evaluating and creating. The Performance chief can assess the entertainer while doing the assignments and afterward apply support or prize when fundamental (Schanie and Kemper, 2008 p. 10). Information and Skills Schanie and Kemper (2008) allude to the Total Performance Development System nd occupant to build up execution destinations, decide shared obligations regarding the accomplishment of these targets, and envision assets and obstacles that condition the accomplishment of the goals (p. 10). Destinations and objectives that are built up through undertaking the executives must be cultivated if the entertainer can secure the information and play out the aptitudes that are important. It is essential to oversee and assess the entertainer so as to gracefully the correct preparing to the entertainer. Undertaking support is significant intellectually and truly. In 2010, Luthans, Avey, Avolio, and Peterson clarify that exhibition result is affected mentally, the positive assets that make up a people mental capital are reasonably proposed to fall in the middle of unadulterated states and characteristic like develops (pp. 43-44). Fulfillment of undertakings depends unequivocally on the limit of the entertainers capacity to secure information and create abilities. It is dependent upon the administration to gracefully the errand support anyway the entertainer must have the option to be able to completing the undertakings.

Some importances of key organizational values - Free Essay Example

make the first company unprincipled by association. There is some people who will agree to say yes, the first business has a goodwill and there is a link in the chain of unlawful business. If a company does not determined about their business ethics and breaks all the legal laws, they usually end up being finding closed. Some concerns have broken anti-trust, moral and real laws and received huge fines may be millions. Business rules should broken exploitation, from the childrens food shop who are making sneakers to the coffee serving staff that is being ripped off in pay. Business rules can be applied to everywhere from little shop to a malty national company or from a departmental stores to a ship builders company. As a business practice and a career specialism, the field is generally normative. The range and volume of business ethical issues proves the degree to which business is supported to be at un-common with non-economic social values. Setting business ethics: While the concern proves some ethical rules, legislation cannot possibly define business morals as a whole and cannot address every situation in which ethical rules may come up. Sometimes business rules and personal ethics may different. This different occurs usually in attorney principles. In every lawful cases, the defender and t he complainer try to prove themselves. These business rules are often found to as a code of conduct by which those in the group stand for. Both group determines their ethical stance based upon different strategy, whether it is establish religious book, principles or code of conduct. However, lawyer ethics dictates that the lawyer keep the clients secret. In fact, it would be unlawful to do so. In every case, the lower must put business rules first in order to protect the structure of a fair dealing system of a business concern. IMPORTANCE The importance of business ethics are as follows : Maximum profit: The principal importance of business can be understood by the fact that moral businesses have a basic tend to make profit as much as possible than the others. The cause for this is that consumers of businesses which follow principles are faithful and pleased with the services and product of the businesses. Let us an example. Suppose, there is a business organization named A . Co. which manufactures cosmetics. A. Co. greatly believes in the importance of business principles. When A. Co. advertises its cosmetics in the market, being a principled business organization, it will be ideal and very honest in its link with the probable customers. It will prove truly about the kind of raw materials it has used while manufacturing the product. It will not lie or overstated about the usefulness of its products. So when the consumers, who buy its product, know exactly what they are buying and how useful their product. In this way, the product will meet their needs and thus, the customer satisfaction comes out. When customers are satisfied, they will be faithful to the company and come back to purchase their product again. This will surely increase the sales of the organization and increase the profit. Thus, the importance of business principles is that it creates faithfulness in customers. Utilization of Business Resources: In a business concern, people working at the junior levels often try to be like the ones working at the best. The same applies with moral values too. If the management of an organization follow moral business Principle, they do not cheat their users or customers, and also not their business partners etc., the employees also will follow suit. The employees too will take care himself from using of the business or office property or equipments for own benefits. This will make good and real utilization of the business. Goodwill in the Market: A business organization, which has a very good remuneration in market or well known for its ethical practices, creates goodwill for itself. Investors are also put more money in the businesses because of their Faithfulness of the concern. Thus, the importance of business ethics creates the goodwill and building a long term relationships with the investors which cannot be denied. Also, a fair business policy creates a greater value on its employees and also the employees remain loyal to such an organization. The main target of an organization is to make maximum profits. The importance of lawful business can be understood from the fact that helps the businesses concern in achieving its goal of making profit with the help of its faith or goodwill for the business in the market, they treys to increase its faithfulness among the customers, with the help of its employee retention and by utmost all utilization of its capital. Business Ethics in finance: Ethical business in general, is concerned with human activities that is reasonable or right and that is not acceptable or not based on natural morality. True ethical norms include reality, integrity, honesty, respect for others, justice and fairness. They share to all aspects of life, including business activity and finance. Economical ethics is, therefore, a lawful general ethics. Real business norms are very essential for maintaining of social life, where people interact with one to another. In terms of others needs and fairness, aspirations and supportive efforts to deal with general issues are, for example, aspects of social activities that adds social stability. In terms of social development, we have developed not only an impulse to care for ourselves but also principles to care for everyone. These may happened the situations in which the need to concern for ourselves runs into argument with the need to care for others. In this situation, ethical norms are necessary to guide our moral behavior. The principled dilemma presented by the problem of conflicting interests has been addressed in some financial area, such as corporate governance, by converting the organization relationship into a true contractual connection that uses a carrot-and-stick approach to ensure moral behavior by agents. Business Ethics of human resource management: Human resource management occupies the sphere of movement of recruitment orientation, selection, appraisal of performance, training and development, industrial relations and health and safety issues where ethics is a real matter. The field as operate as surrounded by market interests that commodity and instrumentalism everything in account of profit claimed in the name of owners, it should be expected that there will be contesting claims of Human Resource ethics. As expected, ethics of HR management is a contested ground like other sub-fields of business ethics. CONCLUSION: In conclusion it is to be said that in every country business or any industry is the backbone of the nations economy. If we fail to maintain it, the economical growth of that country will be stopped. There may be some business concern who may take some unlawful stapes to earn more profit. It is true that profit making is the main target of a business concern, but we have to look if the profit is lawful or not. We have to resist them without disturbing the business concern. On the other s ide every business concern have to aware about their business ethics. They must have some social responsibility and they have to prove it. Otherwise their business will not go smoothly. In this case study I tried to show how a business ethics can influences the society.

Essay on The Liars Club - 1618 Words

An Analysis of the Relationship Between Mother and Daughter: The Liars Club, and a look at childhood through the lens of adulthood Marry Karr’s The Liars Club is a haunting memoire, depicting a young Texan girls struggle to survive the trials of adolescence in home that finds stability in chaos and comfort in the abusive habits of her parents. Illustrating both fond and painful memoires from her past, Karr paints a complex image of the relationship she shared with her mother; giving readers everywhere the ability to relate and empathizes with the emotional complexity of their mother daughter relationship. This complexity of relationship can be explored in three main ways: the conflicting views Karr formed of her mother, In Karr’s†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, Karr also describes feeling the frustration of an unheard child wanting to â€Å"shake [mother] till she begins to weep or scream or what ever would break her loose from that island of quite.†(55). Later in the passage, when Mother, Marry and Lecia are eating lunch next to the stinking monkey cages; Mary’s sister Lecia is described as trying to start a conversation with Mother, by mentioning â€Å"what boneheads he doctors were.†(54) However, her undertaking goes unnoticed and is brushed aside with a casual â€Å"[cock] of [mother’s] head†(54) as if she didn’t understand when normally she would have jumped at the chance to complain about life in Leechfield. Mother’s silence represents a burden that â€Å"weighed†(54) heavily on Karr. The severity of which is highlighted when she is unfazed by monkeys throwing â€Å"turds at each other†¦ [as one stands] with his†¦ penis in his hand, screaming and jacking off furiously;† (54) almost as if the monkeys are also baiting for her attention. What’s shocking about this passage is that regardless of whether its animal instinct, the monkey’s behavior would di sturb most people. Obviously, through her recollection of the monkeys, this scene clearly had some effect on Karr herself. However, Much like the â€Å"Bengal tiger [that sits unblinking as] flies [creep] over its eyelids†¦ [and] a kid [throws] peanuts at him;† (54) Mother is unfazed and lacksShow MoreRelatedSummary Of My Next Door Neighbor 888 Words   |  4 PagesI had trouble with figuring out. My next door neighbor Mrs. Patterson, my younger brother Reggie, and my old best friend Eddie are so believable, that they make great examples of perfect liars. Mrs. Patterson, my next door neighbor, was extremely believable, which is why she is a good example of a perfect liar. She came on my property and caused pure disruption, however, she covered it up smoothly with a lie. It took my family months or even years to even catch on to her shenanigans. Mrs. PattersonRead MoreThe girl is infectious human waste, and shes confused and afraid to commit to the wrong thing so800 Words   |  4 Pages filthy woman who holds her own strength and stands up for herself, helps the whole story of fight club unravel down to the cold hard truth. Being the only woman in a novel and movie must really say something about her character. Without her, our narrator would not have figured out who he truly is. When our character is first introduced, she is repeatedly called a liar. â€Å"She’s a fake. She’s a liar†¦ In this one moment, Marla’s lie reflects my lie, and all I can see are lies. In the middle of all theirRead MoreThe Breakfast Club : Perception Of Students929 Words   |  4 PagesBreakfast Club. This question is not just unique to these students in this high school, but this is a question all high school students attempt to figure out by the time they enter college or join the work force. Unfortunately, a person is often perceived based on stereotypes which does not reveal the true person. In The Breakfast Club, perception of students based on stereotypes leads to biased expectations, isolation, and peer pressure in American high schools. The film, The Breakfast Club, introducesRead MoreJim Carry1006 Words   |  5 Pages When they finally deserted the factory, the family lived out of a Volkswagen camper van until they could return to Toronto. Back on firmer ground, Carrey decided to strike out into the comedy club scene. He made his (reportedly awful) professional stand-up debut at Yuk-Yuk s, one of the many local clubs that would serve as his training ground in the years to come. He dropped out of high school, worked on his celebrity impersonations (among them Michael Landon and James Stewart), and in 1979 workedRead MoreLying and Deception in Our Personal Relationships1637 Words   |  7 Pagesashamed of the truth. My personal experiences with lying have been nothing but horror movies. Some people who are professional liars or deceptors might say I just do not know how to lie correctly. However, whether it’s lying correctly or incorrectly it is still a lie. A lot of the times lying is actually more work t han telling the truth because you must remember you lies, â€Å"many liars have a hard time keeping their story straight† (Knapp, Vangelisiti, 2006, p.251). Lying is nothing more than a techniqueRead MoreI Am A Golf Club At The Age Of 9896 Words   |  4 PagesI was handed a golf club at the age of 9. For me, golfing was something I was raised into. It’s easy to say that my love for golf started back in third grade and just continued to grow. Things are rarely that easy. Learning to love golf for the right reasons was something I finally learned how to do just this last year. It was a long journey but it was worth it. My trek started back in my first lessons. I took them at the local golf course in the next town over, a town known for having a passionRead More Book Review of Escape from Despair: A Croatian Familys Survival1135 Words   |  5 Pagesabuse—and as old as Original Sin. Since the mid-1990s, there has been a rise in literary and cultural accounts of growing up under the dark shadows of alcoholism and mental illness. Mary Karr’s poetic rendering of her East Texas upbringing, The Liars’ Club, is credited with the resurgence of memoir writing. In Angela’s Ashes, Frank McCourt captured the frame of mind of a child growing up under an Irish-romantic- alcoholic father that slaked his frustrated dreams and inflicted an amazing amountRead MoreEssay on Fight Club1189 Words   |  5 Pagesattending seven groups a week. He then meets Bob, who is later killed because of his participation in a bombing of a coffee house. During this process the narrator meets the chain smoking, Marla Singer. Confronted with realization, they were both liars and looking in the mirror irritated him, Marla and the narrator agreed to a plan not to be at the same group, and they could both also avoid self-reflection and contact at the same time. These groups lead the narrator into finding his ?cave andRead MoreAdolescence And Emerging Adulthood : The Breakfast Club1377 Words   |  6 PagesReleased in 1985, The Breakfast Club depicts five high school students from Illinois as they spend a Saturday together in detention. Prior to their arrival, John Bender, Claire Standish, Andy Clark, Brian Johnson, and Allison Reynolds had not met, nor would they have associated with one another on a typical day in high school. After spending nine hours together, however, the group of vastly different adolescents break down emotional barriers, manage to build a sense of intimacy, and some establishRead MorePhysical Pain In Fight C lub1546 Words   |  7 Pagesout of one s head and get away from the mental suffering is to experience physical pain. The physical pain takes the focus off mental suffering. The novel ‘Fight Club’ focuses on an unreliable narrator, Jack, and his relationship with a mysterious man named Tyler Durden as well as their creation of fight club, an underground boxing clubs which leads to the birth of the infamous, Project Mayhem. Project Mayhem intends to tear down the American social structure that has shown to oppress even the most

Sexual Harassment And The Social Movement Essay - 1511 Words

Sexual harassment is a pressing issue that occurs on all platforms of the world we live with. It is unfortunately so very common, that is overlooked. Whether it is at the workplace or at home or even on the streets, it has a presence that is at times hard to distinguish from â€Å"just a bit of friendliness†, to a presence that is blatantly inappropriate. As unfortunate as it is, this issue does not hold black and white qualities, but rather falls in the grey area very often. Although it would appear to be a rather ignorant and uninformed claim to state that the conduct of sexual harassment occurs mainly through male to female interaction, rather through female to male interaction, statistics convey the notion that this statement holds truth in it. This truth is derived from rooted issues of gender that are ingrained in today’s society. Gender issues have caused a need for the social movement of feminism. Interestingly, this social movement itself has a strong interrela tionship with gender power relationships and sexual harassment patterns. Feminism is a method of fighting sexual harassment, however, unfortunately, all it does is aggravate that negative behaviour, rather than mitigate it. This essay will explain, evaluate and critically discuss all the above statements from a sociological perspective. It is vital to disclose that for the purposes of this essay, the focus will be on heterosexual sexual harassment. On the face of it, sexual harassment can be simply defined asShow MoreRelatedThe Code Of Conduct For Armed Forces1413 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscrimination, harassment, conflicts of interest, customer confidence issues, and/or use of corporate resources. The Armed Forces of the United States deals with major issues involving sexual assault/harassment and soldiers. Discovery. The instances involving sexual harassments/assaults that were exposed was the Tailhook scandal of 1991, the Aberdeen scandal of 1996, and the United States Air Force Academy Sexual Assault Scandal of 2003. Although the issue of sexual harassment and assaults onRead MoreTrans And Transgender : An Umbrella Term931 Words   |  4 Pageswhile others choose to live without surgical intervention, and change their body and behavior in other ways, and live as their chosen gender (Houghtaling, Melissa 2015). 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This paper will also so how the ethical theoriesRead MoreThe First Feminist Movement Of Today s Modern Society1134 Words   |  5 Pagesare facing inequality at their jobs. Precisely like unequal pay, sexual harassment, and terrible maternity leaves. They work the same job and get paid incredibly less than their male co-workers. Although it may take years, women deserve to have full equal rights as men. The first feminist movement was primarily focused on equal voting rights, whereas the second movement was focused on equality in the workplace. However, the movement fought for women’s equality at both a political and personal levelRead MoreEssay about Sexual Harassment in the Workplace1307 Words   |  6 Pages Obviously, it is a very natural thing for men and women to be attracted to each other in sexual ways. 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With hopes of a futureRead MoreDiscrimination And Harassment Against Women1349 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout the 20th century, women were often seen as eye-candies and mannequins at work, and in many cases, they even encounter sexual molestation. Discrimination and harassment against women is still prevalent in the workplace. During the 2013 fiscal year, Courts enforced 7,256 charges of sexual harassment, out of which, women comprised 82.6 % of victims, while there were 27,687 cases of gender discrimination. Our era has seen new conventions and le gal philosophies, which are steering towardsRead MoreDiscrimination And Sexual Harassment And Affirmative Action1594 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination and Sexual Harassment Most companies engage in some type of affirmative action policy. Affirmative actions are policies that are placed to engage in the improvement of underprivileged groups who either currently suffer or have historically suffered from discrimination and equality of opportunity. During our lecture, Dr. Kallfelz stated that affirmative action is a, â€Å"Proactive policy with primary immediate attempt to reform (and long term attempt to prevent and deter) socioeconomicallyRead MoreOnline Abuse : A Serious Issue Within The Past 2 Years1243 Words   |  5 Pagesthe impact of online harassment and identifies some innovations that can affect the social issue which includes creating awareness as well as the solutions. THE ISSUE The web, that has so amplified the voices of women, minorities, and LGBT people, continues to be a free-fire zone for those that would shame, silence, or abuse them. A 2014 study by the Pew Research Center found that twenty five percent of 18- to 24-year-old women have been the target of online sexual harassment. Last year the problemRead More Gender and Power in the Workplace Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary issues associated with gender and power in the workplace; which will specifically include a discussion of gender relations, stereotyping, women’s identity, the structuring of formal and informal power, sources of inequality, and sexual harassment. The concept of gender in relation to the division of labor in the workplace, and in relation to issues of power and control is an unfortunate, groundless stereotype. Suzanne Tallichet notes that the gendered division of workplace labor is

Germany an Entrenched Authoritarian State free essay sample

To what extent was Wilhelmine Germany an entrenched Authoritarian state? Kaiser Wilhelm II came to power in 1888 after Wilhelm I died and a brief reign from Frederick III, his behaviour could be unpredictable and although he was the grandson of Queen Victoria he was anti-British, however he admired them at the same time. He believed in the divine right of kings, the theory claimed that, kings were only answerable to God, and it was sinful for their subjects to resist them. Wilhelm II was determined to exercise much more direct control over government than his grandfather, this was apparent in 1890 when Wilhelm disagreed with Bismarck’s anti-socialist policies, colonial expansion and relations with Russia, consequently Bismarck retired ‘because of his health’. Wilhelm II was determined to reinstate the importance of the imperial throne, as opposed to the country being run by parliament, he wanted to demonstrate how important an all-powerful monarch was. This can be seen by Germany having 4 chancellors under Wilhelm II and each for less than ten years; Wilhelm II wished to have weak chancellors that he could easily control. Kulturkampf, was an attempt by Bismarck, to suppress the Catholic Church, he feared that because the German Empire established in 1871 had a substantial minority of Catholics that their loyalty to Rome would conflict with their loyalty to the empire. Consequently he conducted a struggle with the Catholics, by the May laws of 1873-5 education was bought under state control and state approval was required for the licensing of priests. Bismarck’s anti-Catholic campaign backfired after the Catholic Centre Party made gains in the Reichstag elections of 1874 and 1877. And since Bismarck required their support against the Liberals over tariffs, he toned down the Kulturkampf and removed some of the May Laws. However, once Wilhelm II was Kaiser the differences between the state and the church were set aside in an attempt to oppose socialism at all cost, this is an example of Wilhelm’s determination in suppressing socialism. The most the monarchy was challenged came from the newly formed Social Democratic Party of Germany in the 1890s which advocated Marxism, which was the ideology of Karl Marx, who believed that the working classes will overthrow the ruling classes by revolution. This was after anti-socialist laws were ended with the death of Bismarck and the party grew significantly as a result. The threat of the SPD caused the state to attempt to soothe tensions by initially trying to crack down on socialism as well as otivating the government to form some sort of social reforms. Continuing, to support the view that Wilhelmine Germany was an authoritarian state, was that regardless of the public vote the Kaiser still got to choose who had seats in cabinet. This is evident in the 1912 election result, when despite being the largest party the Social Democratic Party still had no seats in the cabinet. Demonstrating just how truly threatened the government felt by them. However, even though the Social Democrats had no cabinet seats, their election success meant that there was more diversity in the Reichstag, allowing the Kaiser to be challenged, also highlighting that the Reichstag was the democratic element of the constitution. In 1893 Caprivi made concessions over the Army Bill in the Reichstag by reducing the length of conscription for national service from three years to two years. The Reichstag rejected the Army Bill, resulting in them being dissolved. Opponents of Caprivi now reinforced Wilhelm II’s own doubts and the Kaiser tried to get Caprivi to draw up an anti-socialist Subversion Bill after the increase in SPD seats, however, he refused. He had successfully talked the Kaiser away from this course of action, however Caprivi had lost the will to carry on and resigned and gladly retired in 1894. The Tariff reform in 1902 caused tensions between the Chancellor, Bulow and the Conservatives and Agrarian league. They had opposed Caprivi’s tariff reduction, where their profits had been damaged. However the Social Democrats and Left Liberals wanted lower tariffs to reduce the cost of bread. A reason why Bulow may have proposed to lower the tariff rate is because of the power the Social Democrats and Left Liberals held in the Reichstag as opposed to the Conservatives in 1902. Therefore, this meant that there would be no political backlash towards the Chancellor thus the Kaiser was less likely to force him to resign. Eventually, the tariff was lowered to pre-1982 levels, and was effectively a compromise between the Social Democrats, National Liberals and the Free Conservatives. This left the working class content; subsequently meaning they applied less pressure upon the government. Bulow’s decision was backed up the following year by the election result where the Socialists gained 25 seats and the Conservatives lost 4 seats. This is an example of the declining influence of the Junkers, and more importantly an example of democracy. The Hottentot election was the name given to the election in 1907 and resulted after the Kaiser dissolved the Reichstag after they failed to support Bulow’s government in their proposal of using more money to suppress the rebels in the Colony of German South West Africa and to compensate the white settlers. The government’s election campaign was anti-socialist, anti-Catholic and Nationalistic. The result was that Social Democrat seats were halved, and right wing parties gained seats. As a result, ‘Bulow bloc’ a coalition was formed which comprised of the Conservatives, Free Conservatives, National Liberals and Left Liberals. The Daily Telegraph affair occurred in the winter of 1908-9 and has aspects of both an Authoritarian state, and that of a non-authoritarian state. For example, Bulow chose to support the Reichstag in the uproar over the Kaiser’s comments. However, Wilhelm II felt let down by Bulow as he had entrusted him to edit the article before publishing. Therefore Bulow lost the support of the Kaiser and the following year he pressurised Bulow into resigning as Chancellor after the Reichstag rejected his budget proposals. The Zabern affair in 1913 came just before the First World War, and occurred after Alsace had been annexed in 1871, as a result of the Franco-Prussian war. Tensions were rising between the French inhabitants and the German soldiers which led to a series of disturbances. In November 1913 officers were ordered to clear the streets of locals after a curfew, some citizens were arrested and held in military barracks. The violence began after an officer used a sabre to cut down a disabled cobbler, this led to protests and the subsequent result was officers acting above the law. Many believed that Citizens liberties had been taken away. The Chancellor at the time, Bethmann condoned the actions of the army, and the army used the defence that they were only accountable to the Kaiser who also condoned their actions. This caused uproar and political opposition leading to a ‘vote of no confidence’ from the Reichstag. This event highlighted the divisions in the political system especially after Bethmann was able to maintain his role as chancellor, although major opposition had been shown to him. This made it clear that the Kaiser’s actions, personality and decisions were still dominating the Kaiserreich. This is a prime example of the military’s power and status. Because of the relative powerlessness of the Reichstag, much of the political activity of Wilhelmine Germany took place outside the parliamentary system. Pressure groups played an important role. Pressure groups such as, the Pan-German League built up support for Wilhelm’s weltpolitik, which was essentially the expansion of the navy, along with colonial expansion and the attempt to make Germany a powerful force. There was also the navy league founded in 1891 which helped to drum up enthusiasm for Tirpitz naval expansion programme. However, the rise of pressure groups demonstrates the oppression on democracy that the Wilhelmine era caused. Political influence was mostly wielded by three powerful interest groups; the Junkers, industrialists and the army. However, the influence of the Junkers had began to decline as seen from the tariff reform, however, industrialisation led to the emergence of a powerful and wealthy group of big industrialists. They supported Weltpolitik as a means of securing markets for Germany’s manufacturers and sources of raw materials; they also provided the finance for the Pan-German League and The Navy League. Opposition to Socialism united the industrialists and the landowners. Furthermore, the army’s oath was made to the Kaiser, neither to Germany nor to the Reichstag. This implies that the Kaiser had his own army and could effectively go to war without the Reichstag’s approval. This leads on to the Reichstag’s limited powers, they could merely pass acts, not suggest their own, however they were the only democratic body in Germany, elected by the people, yet they had no real influence. The Reichstag could easily be dissolved if they persisted to refuse to pass acts for example, being Germany’s Kaiser automatically meant Wilhelm II was the King Of Prussia, and in order to dissolve the Reichstag the Kaiser needed the approval of the Bundesrat, which comprised of 17 Prussians, and only 14 votes were needed to veto. The Chancellor was generally also the Prussian Prime Minister. Therefore making the system very autocratic, along with the Kaiser’s power to appoint and force the resignation of Chancellors. Sammlungspolitik was the domestic policy of Kaiser Wilhelm II during his rule in Germany, translated it means ‘bringing together policy’. Its primary aim was to unite the political parties and groups in favour of Weltpolitik and also diminishing the influence of the SPD. The policy was successful up until 1909 when there was trouble with the navy’s budget and money had to be raised. Instead of choosing to tax the rich, the government chose to increase sales tax, which was the increase of the price of goods which led to the loss of support from some parties. Consequently, the socialists gained seats in the 1912 election. The trade union movement was becoming an increasing powerful voice of the working classes, as it represented people of an increasingly urbanised and industrial labour market. This shows that the electorates were beginning to have more of a voice and they were also getting increasing representation. Moreover, it also demonstrates the evolvement of an alternative powerbase as opposed to the Junkers and aristocracy. Trade unions were successful in their demands when the working class was finally given what it needed in the form of pensions, sickness benefits and even housing was provided by the big industries to reduce social unease. The Mittelstand can be translated as the middle class, which comprised of skilled workers and small traders. They found themselves trapped between the most powerful workers and their trade unions and the larger, more productive enterprises of big businesses. Consequently, the resentment led to many in this class regard the old times, before industrialisation as a ‘golden bygone era’. Subsequently, they swayed towards right-wing movements, after the changing attitudes of the Mittelstand and the peasantry. To conclude, although there are elements of a democratic state, in Wilhelmine Germany, such as the Reichstag, trade union movements and pressure groups, ultimately the Kaiser couldn’t be challenged to a significant extent as he still held almost absolute control, for example his ability to appoint Chancellors and to force their resignation. Along with Prussian dominance in the Bundesrat, meaning should the Reichstag disagree with the Chancellor he could dissolve the Reichstag. Fundamentally, Wilhelmine Germany was an authoritarian state.

Sin in the Scarlet Letter Essay Example

Sin in the Scarlet Letter Paper Sin, hidden or otherwise, Is something society has dealt with since the very beginning of organized religion. When one has sinned, it is human Instinct to keep it locked up inside oneself lest the ugliness if it be revealed to the world. This tendency Is not only present In every day life, but is also present In the Puritan setting of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hidden sin Is fairly literal In this novel, as mall characters such as Hester. Timescale, and Chlorinating have sinful secrets which they allow to fester within themselves and allow to break them down. Hawthorne shows us how their lives change for the worse as these sins remain hidden and how we can learn from their blunders. The least obvious of the three secret sinners is Hester Prone. Although her biggest sin, adultery, is public knowledge, she also has secrets that build upon that original moral transgression. For example, Hester withholds the fact that Roger Chlorinating is her husband from Timescale until the very end of the novel. By doing this, she allows the love of her life and the father of her child to suffer for seven long years under the hands of her vengeful spouse hen, In fact, she has absolutely no right or obligation to. By going after Timescale as he does, Chlorinating breaches the terms of the agreement he and Hester make. On page 53, Chlorinating says, Recognize me not, by word, by sign, by look We will write a custom essay sample on Sin in the Scarlet Letter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sin in the Scarlet Letter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sin in the Scarlet Letter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Should thou fall me In this, beware! [Damselflys] fame, his position, his life will be in my hands. However, he begins torturing Timescale before Hester even has a chance to blink. By keeping this secret to herself, Hester can almost be considered a conspirator to murder. However, Hester is not alone in her suffering. Arthur Timescale, local reverend and fellow adulterer, is also affected. Unlike Hester, however, he does not have a scarlet letter on the breast of his shirt for the world to see. Instead, it is believed that he has burned the letter into his own chest as a form of punishment for his violation of Gods law. On page 176, it reads, Most of the spectators testified to having seen, on the breast of the unhappy minister a scarlet letter, the very semblance of that worn by Hester Prone, Imprinted in the flesh. Through punishments such as these, along with vigils and repeated fasting, Damselflys body soon begins to deteriorate. None of this would have happened had he taken his stand on the scaffold with Hester seven years prior, so we can once again see how hidden sin can twist the human form emotionally as well as physically. But not even Arthur Damselflys fate is the cruelest to be described in The Scarlet Letter. Roger Chlorinating starts off with, a remarkable intelligence in his features, as of a person who has so cultivated his mental part that it could not fail to mould the physical to itself (42). As the novel continues, however, one can notice to only his emotional self changing, but his physical self. When Hester sees him collecting herbs, she notes that, The former aspect of an Intellectual and studious man, calm and quiet, which was what she best remembered in him, had altogether vanished, and been succeeded by an eager, searching, almost fierce, yet carefully guarded look (116). These very changes emerge from the hidden sin that Chlorinating carries with him: the sin of wrath, of revenge. Though he promises never to seek vengeance on Hester or Pearl, he vows that no matter what he will find eave sought truth in books; as I have sought gold in alchemy. And that he does. In some way, almost by chance, the Reverend Timescale acquaints himself with the physician. Timescale takes him into his confidence, takes him into his home, and unwittingly allows the demon to ravage his soul. Day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute, the twisted old doctor tears apart every shred, every scrape of the poor ministers being in search for the secret he so longs to find. Little does Chlorinating know that by doing this, by embodying the sin of wrath, he seals his own fate as well. After Damselflys final stand and death on the scaffold, Chlorinating, Costively withered up, shriveled away, and almost vanished from mortal sight (177). He has so long devoted his entire existence to doing the Devils work by torturing the minister; the Black Man himself calls less than a year later to collect his dues. So by keeping his identity and his sin secret, Chlorinating had pays the ultimate price. Guilt, wrath, and hatred are all very strong emotions present in The Scarlet Letter . Each of the main characters experiences one, if not more, throughout his or her life and ends up the worse for it. From subtle signs like the harshness in Hester features and personality to the full-blown deformation of Clownishnesss being, we can see Just how awful a toll hidden sin can take on an individual. And all that can truly be said is, Be true! Be true! Be true! Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred (177). Let the restless skeletons free from their dark closets. Let the burdens be lifted from weary shoulders. Let the sin, however evil it may be, be dragged into the light of day lest it drag its victim into the black of eternal night.

Free Essays on Dreaming In Cuban

Garcia’s novel, Dreaming in Cuban, looks at the history of Cuba through the everyday events of four women of different generations and schools of thought. The focal point of this family of four women lies on Celia del Pino, the matriarchal figure. Lourdes is Celia’s oldest daughter, who was born in Cuba in 1936. Felicia is the second child. Luz and Milagro are Felicia’s twins who reject their mother. Ivanito on the other hand is Felicia’s youngest son and is incredibly loyal to his mother, until his aunt Lourdes and Pilar go back to Cuba to visit and send him off to America. The experience of the Latin emigrà © is best explored through Garcia’s character, Pilar. Pilar left Cuba at the age of two yet claims to remember everything clearly. The reader is introduced to Pilar when she catches her father cheating on her mother with some blond at a store. She is infuriated by this and is determined to go â€Å"back to Cuba† because she is s ick of seeing everything around her. She envisions her reunion with her grandmother who, in Pilar’s imagination, will be rocking on a chair, looking out toward the ocean, and will smell of salt and violet. She then continues to remember the following: â€Å" I was only two years old when I left Cuba but I remember everything that’s happened to me since I was a baby, even word-for word conversations. I was sitting in my grandmothers’ lap, playing with her drop pearl earrings, when my mother told her we were leaving the country. Abuela Celia called her a traitor to the revolution. Mom tried to pull me away but I clung to Abuela and screamed at the top of my lungs. My grandfather came running and said ‘Celia let the girl go. She belongs with Lourdes.’ That was the last time I saw her.† Pilar also talks to her grandmother in her sleep. They write to each other from time to time, but tend to communicate more through their sleep. Pi... Free Essays on Dreaming In Cuban Free Essays on Dreaming In Cuban Garcia’s novel, Dreaming in Cuban, looks at the history of Cuba through the everyday events of four women of different generations and schools of thought. The focal point of this family of four women lies on Celia del Pino, the matriarchal figure. Lourdes is Celia’s oldest daughter, who was born in Cuba in 1936. Felicia is the second child. Luz and Milagro are Felicia’s twins who reject their mother. Ivanito on the other hand is Felicia’s youngest son and is incredibly loyal to his mother, until his aunt Lourdes and Pilar go back to Cuba to visit and send him off to America. The experience of the Latin emigrà © is best explored through Garcia’s character, Pilar. Pilar left Cuba at the age of two yet claims to remember everything clearly. The reader is introduced to Pilar when she catches her father cheating on her mother with some blond at a store. She is infuriated by this and is determined to go â€Å"back to Cuba† because she is s ick of seeing everything around her. She envisions her reunion with her grandmother who, in Pilar’s imagination, will be rocking on a chair, looking out toward the ocean, and will smell of salt and violet. She then continues to remember the following: â€Å" I was only two years old when I left Cuba but I remember everything that’s happened to me since I was a baby, even word-for word conversations. I was sitting in my grandmothers’ lap, playing with her drop pearl earrings, when my mother told her we were leaving the country. Abuela Celia called her a traitor to the revolution. Mom tried to pull me away but I clung to Abuela and screamed at the top of my lungs. My grandfather came running and said ‘Celia let the girl go. She belongs with Lourdes.’ That was the last time I saw her.† Pilar also talks to her grandmother in her sleep. They write to each other from time to time, but tend to communicate more through their sleep. Pi...

A Comparison of Competencies between Associate and Bachelor Degreed Nursing Graduates

Nursing is complex, and within the profession there are many spectrums of career possibilities. Nursing is based on a foundation of caring and what draws many to the profession is a commitment of service. The knowledge and education sought to prepare nurses however differs between the two â€Å"entry† level paths of associate degreed nurses and baccalaureate degree nurses and thus forms a difference in the way they perform their professional practice. Associate Degreed Nurses Associate degree nursing programs were developed in the early 1950’s as a response to postwar shortages (Creasia, Friberg. 2011) they were intended to be two years in duration and designed to prepare the graduate for bedside care in the secondary setting. These program quickly became successful and programs spread across the United States at a record pace. The associate degree program were found to be clinically sound and offered heavily hands on approach, they traditionally graduate nurses that are task oriented and perform well. Associate graduates are tested via the NCLEX after program completion to obtain licensure. The associate degreed path remains the major point of entry into the profession today. The educational prerequisite of the associate degree nursing program are not as robust in sciences often eliminating the need for organic chemistry and advanced mathematics. The associate degree nursing path also is remedial as compared to the BSN in the liberal arts, often leaving the graduate with subpar communication skills when compared to the BSN counterpart. Baccalaureate Degreed Nurses Baccalaureate degree programs are traditionally structured as four year programs with the nursing clinical focus at the latter two years. Programs differ from Associate programs in that there are courses required which  focus on the professional development of the student, and thus the growth of the profession. Baccalaureate programs prepare the graduate for scopes beyond bedside care. Leadership and research roles favor the bachelors prepared graduate. The advanced professional focus allows the graduate to view the practice beyond the task orientation of the associate degreed nurse. A comparison study (Ginger, N. Davidhizar, R., 1990) found that baccalaureate nurses were more concerned with research methodology, teaching of the individual and the group, and community assessments. The study concluded that the baccalaureate nurse was more process driven than the task oriented associate degreed nurses. Healthcare today is composed of a multiple disciplinary team of practitioners with varied levels of education, preparing nurses at the minimum of the baccalaureate level has been a push of many professional organizations. Recent research (Aiken, 2008) has confirmed a strong link in the educational level of nurses and improvement in patient mortality. The study found when the institution increased the percentage of baccalaureate prepared nurses by 10% that the corresponding mortality decreased by 4%. Practical Comparison One of the situational comparisons that I feel would demonstrate the practice focus differences of the two educational preparations is in dealing with imminent death and dying. Throughout the career of any healthcare provider we will be faced with this challenge, and while there are many task associated with the algorithm of advanced life support or complexity of the hospice patient, there are multiple psych social aspects to consider. The baccalaureate nurses educational preparation allows her to focus on the causes of the underlying pathophysiology, understand the chemistry of the multiple medications involved and problem solve for alternative treatments is initially unsuccessful. The baccalaureate nurse is able to communicate effectively with the healthcare team and reassuringly guide the family thru this difficult process. In my years of practice I feel that clinical experience and confidence can elevate the associate degreed nurse to a comparable level in this situation as well but I have seen that the baccalaureate graduate achieves this standard well before the counterpart. Patient presentation has become more complex and the array of treatments available seems almost endless. Our patients and their families deserve the  best outcomes from the best prepared team.

Unit 4 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Unit 4 Individual Project - Essay Example Euthanasia is a word derived from the Greek, simply means a â€Å"gentle and easy death† (Oxford English Dictionary, 2004). Obviously, supporters of the decriminalization of euthanasia are not using the word in this uncontroversial sense. They are not simply supporting the expansion of hospices and improvements in medical services. Rather, they are arguing that doctors should in certain circumstances be allowed to ensure an easy death not just by killing the pain but by killing the patient. Often the decision to practice euthanasia is more of a decision between letting the person die now or later, rather than a choice between life and death. Thus, it could be deemed that the movement in favor of euthanasia may be rooted in our fear of facing death, and that euthanasia is used to hasten death so that we will not have to cope with the consequences associated with the actual process of dying. In fact, according to U.S. surveys, there is greater support for physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia among patients and the general public than among physicians (Kashima and Braun, 15 October 2001). More Caucasians support these practices than members of ethnic minority groups (Braun, et al., February 2001). This is a very sorry situation wherein people would like to have complete control of their lives. In reality, humans have limited control but, ultimately, are forced to accept phenomena which they cannot change. Sickness and death fall into this category. The humane response to a dying person is to keep him company and alleviate his discomfort. There is no medical or ethical reason to deprive a person of all the pain medication needed to keep him comfortable and, for most people, a regimen of comfort care can be established in either a health care facility or at home. To be sure, keeping company with the dying and caring for their physical needs is a demanding task, but it is not a task

Student teachers, educational judgement In the 21st century classroom, Essay

Student teachers, educational judgement In the 21st century classroom, 'using the knowledge of good ends to decide appropriate - Essay Example This paper provides a brief philosophical view of education to identify the good ends that mentors should aim for in their teaching education program. Guided by traditional and modern philosophy of education and the insights offered by the current literature in the field, the present paper hopes to contribute to the proposal of identifying good ends to decide appropriate means for training 21st century teachers. Identifying the ‘good ends’ ‘Good ends,’ in the teaching field are the ideal characteristics student teachers should possess in order to prepare them for the challenges in the field. Good ends would serve as guide to help mentors determine the process that student teachers should undergo during education. To identify these qualities, we take light from the wisdom of the great philosopher, Aristotle. In addition, we dig upon the current literature to reveal further insights on the qualities of an effective teacher. Coulter and Wiens (2002) explored Ar istotle’s view of phronesis and related it to the desirable qualities of a teacher. According to the authors, the term phronesis may mean the same as practical wisdom or practical judgment. By practical wisdom, Coulter and Wiens (2002) mean the possession of knowledge and the ability to apply knowledge in actual terms. In their discussion of phronesis, Coulter and Wiens consider the arguments made by Hannah Arendt, a Jew philosopher who distinguishes between good thinking and making good decisions. Coulter and Wiens point out that there are teachers who possess knowledge yet are unable to transform their ideas into concrete actions, in other words, they are unable to attain phronesis as they stop in merely possessing knowledge. A review of current literature on the qualities of an effective teacher confirms the importance of knowledge or subject matter expertise as one ideal teacher quality (McNamara and Webb, 2008; Auger and Wilderman, 2000; Chickering and Gamson, 1991). How ever, the said sources do not reflect qualities relating to the concept of phronesis, thus confirming the lack of realisation of the difference between the possession of knowledge and its application. Coulter and Wiens (2002) articulate Arendt’s argument that to possess phronesis, teachers should be ‘judging spectators’ and ‘judging actors’ at the same time. Judging spectators are able to think and reflect on what is happening around them. They possess an understanding of occurrences, and are able to interpret these occurrences on their own. Following this, future teachers should be trained to make good judgments. This is possible if teachers will be allowed to think and decide for themselves. Krishnaveni and Anitha (2007: 28) identify the exercise of autonomy and proper decision making as a form of teacher empowerment. Thus, to promote the attitude of judging spectators, mentors should provide opportunities for student teachers to make their own dec isions whether in terms of instruction, classroom management, and assessment. Moreover, teachers who are judging spectators are able to deal with ‘plurality’or the ability to coexist with others, even those from other cultures.

Our Father Who Art in Heav...Our Mind :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Our Father Who Art in Heav...Our Mind Be careful when you mention your religious experiences or any supernatural experiences that you have had with God, the gods, or the universe. The person that you report them to may quickly reduce your experiences to a simple decrease or increase in electrical activity within specific parts of your brain. While you may believe that your experiences are as real as the piercing sound of your alarm, waking you from your blissful "flying" dreams, you should know that the research performed and documented by scientists, concerning the experience of God, is also real. Have you ever heard the professed beliefs that Moses, who spoke to the Christian God for the first time through an angel in a flaming fire in a bush, and several times afterwards in the Old Testament of the Bible, was a sufferer of temporal lobe epilepsy? (1). Thus, his experiences with God were, merely, figments of his imagination, or more scientifically, over-activity within the temporal lobes of his brain. To the Christian, including myself, this belief sounds absurd. How can one reduce what is deemed Holy to an organic brain dysfunction? The neurobiological bases of religious experiences has not only been researched through examination of temporal lobe epileptic seizures, but it has also been researched in the meditative states and prayer sessions of Tibetan monks and Franciscan nuns, respectively (5).) This paper seeks to present and examine some scientific observations that link the experience of God (thus, surpassing the argument that God exists), and the changes in neurological activity that occur during these experiences. Prior to taking this course in neurobiology and behavior, I firmly believed that the brain equals behavior and that additional experiences of the mind and soul arose from the multitude of activity within the brain. However, I still questioned my assumption that the soul lies within the brain. Subsequently, I came across a Newsweek article titled "Searching For t he God Within," respectively (5).) The article presents the research of Dr. Andrew Newberg and his research team. He and his team examined the brain activity of Tibetan Monks during their peak transcendent state during which they say they experience a oneness with the universe. Upon examination of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of a resting brain and a meditative brain, Dr. Newberg concluded that there was a noticeable difference in the activity of the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain (7).

Financial Accounting Standards Board Essay

Runway Discount (Runway), a privately held online retailer, has implemented a new customer referral marketing campaign. The campaign involves incentivizing current customers to refer their friends to Runway’s website. When a current customer refers someone who makes a purchase on Runway’s website, the referring customer receives a $25 credit to be applied to a future purchase. Two important provisions should be highlighted regarding this â€Å"Refer-a-Friend† program: The $25 credit is contingent upon the existing customer’s referral actually making a purchase The $25 credit is applied to the referring customer’s future purchase at the time that the referred customer makes a purchase The business purpose of this Refer-a-Friend program is to increase sales and expand Runway’s customer base by providing incentives for current customers to refer their friends. The first accounting issue associated with Runway Discount’s Refer-a-Friend program is identifying how the $25 referral credit should be recorded in Runway’s income statement. Is this consideration an adjustment of the selling prices of the vendor’s products or services, and therefore characterized as a reduction of revenue, or is it a cost incurred by the vendor for assets and services received from the customer, and therefore characterized as a cost or expense? The next significant accounting issue is regarding when Runway should record the $25 referral credit as a liability: (a) at the time an existing customer receives the $25 referral credit, or (b) at the time the existing customer actually uses the $25 referral credit to make a purchase? In the following sections, we will discuss the possible accounting treatments under U.S GAAP and IFRS, which relate to these accounting issues facing Runway Discount. Relevant examples will be provided of businesses that offer similar referral incentive programs. We will conclude with our recommendation of how Runway Discount should account for the referral credits it issues relating to its Refer-a-Friend program. Applicable Authoritative Literature FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605-50, Revenue Recognition IASC International Accounting Standards (IAS) 18, Revenue Recognition View as multi-pages

Language Pedagogy And Teaching Strategies - 1464 Words

Language Pedagogy and Teaching Strategies Recent decades has witnessed the method of language teaching in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) has a shift from grammar-translation toward Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) (Brandl, 2007). During the 20th century, as increased attention was paid to the demand of communication skills, grammar-translation method which emphasizing knowledge of grammatical rules and translation activities was no longer effective (Richards Rodgers, 2001). In Australia, CLT is a preferred approach to be adopted for second language teaching (Fernandez, 2008). Therefore, the pedagogy of CLT incorporating an array of supportive teaching strategies will be implemented in my LOTE teaching to ensure that all L2 learners are engaged, challenged and learning successfully. Communicative Language Teaching Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is a method to teach modern languages that focuses on learning to communicate. In terms of principles of CLT, Kumaravadivelu (2006, p.118) asserts that â€Å"language is a system for expressing meaning and the central purpose of language is communication†. It seems that from the perspective of CLT, language is a tool for meaningful communication. Berardo (2006) claims that the concept of authenticity is essence to CLT including authentic materials, tasks and language use. It is likely that the success of CLT could be achieved through implementing authentic materials and meaning-focused tasks in language teaching andShow MoreRelatedLearning Curriculum : Towards Student Driven Pedagogy993 Words   |  4 PagesAnanyeva, M. (2013). A learning curriculum: Toward student-driven pedagogy in the context of adult English for academic purposes, English for specific purposes, and workplace English programs. TESOL Journal, 5(1), 8-31. 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