Theme Analysis of Marriage: Jude the Obscure

Thomas Hardy, the author of Jude the Obscure, focuses on multiple themes throughout his book including social order and higher learning which is mainly seen in the first part of the book. Jude, a working class boy aiming to educate himself, dreams of a high level education at a university, but is pushed away by the cruel and rigid social order. In the second part of the book, Jude abandons his idea of entering Christminster and the focus shifts to Sue. The themes of love, marriage, freedom replace the earlier theme of education and idealism. Hardy pushes each of these themes to his audience and challenges everyday ideology by his audacious story about Jude Hawley. Hardy begins an argument against the institution of marriage, but he does not necessarily suggest that marriage is automatically bad; he just makes it clear that he believes people should be able to step away from a marriage if things do get dire. He also makes it clear that marriage is not necessarily linked to love in any way, so it's obvious that a decent, understanding society would accept Jude and Sue's relationship because they truly love each other, regardless of whether they are married or not. Hardy tends to view marriage with cynicism, and there are many disapproving comments about the nature of marriage being based on contracts. Hardy was conscious that women were not treated equally in society, and that the laws of nature were often heavily weighed against women. He treats the subject with sympathy and understanding. He also illustrates that marriage could victimize both men and women. There are no happy marriages or content couples seen in the book. Jude, when married to Arabella, feels trapped in a hopeless situation. Marriage is compared to being â€Å"caught in a gin, which would cripple him if not her also for the rest of a lifetime,† (43). However, Jude is partly aware even before the marriage that Arabella is the wrong type of woman for him. He recognizes that there is something in her â€Å"quite antipathetic to that side of him which had been occupied with literary study and the magnificent Christminster dream. It had been no vestal who chose that missile for opening her attack on him,† (27). A few chapters later, the reader is told, â€Å"he knew too well in the secret center of his brain that Arabella was not worth a great deal as a specimen of womankind,† (39). Naive and trusting, he does the honorable thing and marries her. But he has married the wrong woman, and the marriage is bound to be a disaster. Sue's marriage to Phillotson is another example of a disastrous marriage of rashness and thoughtlessness. Jude suspects that Sue has married Phillotson as a reaction to his own marriage, a kind of retaliation, a way of â€Å"asserting her own independence from him,† (129). She does not realize the enormity of the step she has taken, and after the ceremony, there is a â€Å"frightened look in her eyes,† as if she has only just become aware of the rashness of her decision. Barely a month later she admits, â€Å"perhaps I ought not to have married† (142). Sue is the loudest critic of matrimony in the novel. She makes sarcastic comments on the custom of giving away the bride, â€Å"like a she-ass or she-goat or any other domestic animal† (126). When her marriage is in trouble, she criticizes the institution, explaining the difficulty she experiences fitting into the conventional mold which society demands. The nineteenth century tradition of the subjection of women to fathers and husbands is reflected in Gillingham's advice to Phillotson to be firm with Sue until she has knuckled under. Hardy makes it clear, however, that it is the man here who is victimized in this marriage; Phillotson is far from being a cruel, tyrannical husband. Instead, he is an extremely patient and liberal husband. Sue's views on marriage should not necessarily be connected with Hardy's. Hardy himself points out her emotional inconsistency, and there are several signs that she is not really cut out for marriage. In Part V, both Jude's and Sue's divorces come through, but Sue avoids their possible marriage. She calls marriage a â€Å"sordid contract† and a â€Å"hopelessly vulgar† institution, and she fears that an â€Å"iron contract should extinguish† all tenderness between them, reinforcing Hardy’s negative view of the nature of marriage. Most of Sue’s views on marriage are given in parts V and VI. She feels that the contractual nature of it will kill all impulse and romance; â€Å"it is foreign to a man's nature to go on loving a person when he is told that he must and shall be a person's lover,† (193). The visit to the unclean registry office in part V, chapter 4 is horrifying for her, and she shows abhorrence to the ordinary church wedding. She sees it in terms of a sacrifice of the bride: â€Å"the flowers in the bride's hand are sadly like the garland which decked the heifers of sacrifice in olden times,† (215). Sue's views on marriage are rather extreme, and they represent a push away from the norms of marriage. Hardy also raises some valid arguments of the overly rigid attitude of society towards the unmarried and the unconventional. Phillotson's humanity and charity in letting Sue go scandalizes the school authorities, and his career is ruined. A kind, decent man who was only trying to be fair is scorned by society's intolerance. Sue and Jude also became the subject of cruel gossip at Aldbrickham: the neighbors ignore them, Little Father Time is taunted at school, Jude loses his job, and the family is forced into a nomadic existence. Hardy is pushing the fact that society is vindictive and intolerant of those who deviate from its normal codes of living and marriage. Hardy repeatedly emphasizes that marriage involves making a commitment that many people are emotionally unfit to fulfill, and this thought comes from the narrator, but it is also expressed by Sue, Jude, Phillotson, and Widow Edlin through the whole novel. Although the custom of marriage is such a central theme pressed by Hardy, he conflicts against other conventions in his society like education and social class which ultimately show a huge theme of fighting against the norm.

Methods And Impacts Of Water Conservation Environmental Sciences Essay

Water is the individual most deciding factor of dwellers of any land, both measure and quality of life is determined by the sum of free H2O in being in or on the land. Water in Utah comes from three chief beginnings ; land H2O, springs and artesian Wellss, and surface H2O. Although H2O from some beginnings is clean plenty to imbibe straight, in order to make Utah H2O quality ordinances the H2O must be treated. Water that is used by Utah occupants can be captured and reused, nevertheless, it does come at a cost, and it might be merely excessively much for some to pay for. Water preservation makes it so that our supplies of H2O go farther. There are many different degrees of preservation possible through landscape gardening, residential and commercial patterns. By increasing the consciousness of H2O use, we can diminish the impact that is caused to our H2O system. If Utah occupants continue to utilize H2O as they do today, we will be in a drouth by the twelvemonth 2050. Without farther instruction and better advertisement and publicity of H2O preservation, our future coevalss will endure.Background of Water ConservationEarly Utah in 1847 Mormon colonists made rough dikes. The Salt Lake Valley was a desert so they needed to water in order to have H2O for their harvests. The primary H2O the early colonists received was from the Jordan River and canyon watercourses. Water jurisprudence started so when the colonists came to Utah ( Bowden P. 1 ) Water jurisprudence was called, â€Å" anterior appropriation † and gave permission for the first individual in clip to utilize the H2O foremost and back in clip to utilize it 2nd, etcetera. The H2O jurisprudence besides stated, â€Å" utilize it or lose it † , intending that if you do non utilize the H2O right in order that you were say to so you lost your privilege and had to reapply for H2O rights ( Bowden, p. 1-2, ) . This shows that even back when the province was originally settled there was demand for H2O preservation and for the H2O system to be organized. There is a big diverseness of rainfall over the province ; some topographic points receive every bit small as 5 inches and some every bit much as 60 inches yearly. Although we are the 2nd driest province in the United States, we have the 2nd best H2O use per individual in the US. Utah largely uses snowmelt to H2O and feed our fresh H2O systems that we have made to administer the H2O. Utah has an advanced and well-used irrigation system and Utah has figured out ways of hive awaying the H2O for later use through our dikes, reservoirs, and H2O armored combat vehicles ( The History of Utah Water, 2007 ) .Attempts to Reduce the ImpactConservationIn the article Why Conserve? ( 2012 ) it is stated that, â€Å" If Utahns can cut down per-capita ingestion of H2O by 25 % by 2050, they will conserve the equivalent of over 500,000 acre-feet of H2O per twelvemonth. That is more H2O than can be held in Jordanelle Reservoir and Deer Creek Reservoir combined, and more than any H2O undertaking in Ut ah has developed † Projections from Why Conserve? besides province that by the twelvemonth 2050 if Utah continues to utilize H2O at the rate we do, and if population growing continues to tendency like it has, Utah ‘s peak H2O use season will max out our H2O resources and do a drouth. As the population in Utah continues to turn, it is projected that by the twelvemonth 2050, Utah will max out its H2O resources ensuing in a drouth. By devouring 25 % less H2O, Utahns could salvage over 500,000 acre-feet of H2O per twelvemonth. For an illustration of how much H2O this is, combine the Waterss held in Jordanelle and Deer Creek Reservoirs. Using that much less H2O per twelvemonth will guarantee the handiness of H2O for old ages to come ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.conservewater.utah.gov/WhyConserve/ ) . A valuable manner to cut down the sum of H2O Utah abode usage is to roll up rainwater. Rainwater reaping is now, as of May 11th 2010, legal to reap ; nevertheless, a license must be obtained from the Division of Water Rights web page. There are a few restrictions in topographic point to do certain the H2O tabular array is adequately replenished ; merely one belowground 2500-gallon storage armored combat vehicle and two 100-gallon aboveground storage armored combat vehicles are allowed. The H2O collected can non be used for all family uses, but for smaller things like irrigating gardens and lawns, rinsing autos and other outdoor usage ( Jenkins, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to www.rules.utah.gov greywater is defined as, â€Å" untreated effluent, which has non come into contact with lavatory waste. Greywater includes effluent from bathing tub, showers, bathroom washbowls, apparels rinsing machines, wash bath, etc. , and does non include effluent from kitchen sinks, exposure lab sinks, dish washers, garage floor drains, or other risky chemicals † ( Rule R317-401, 2012 ) . A A A A A A Greywater is legal to capture and to utilize but the Torahs are really specific and rigorous on every facet of greywater. There are several pages of ordinance and authorizations on the particulars of the jurisprudence of greywater capturing. The storage armored combat vehicle has to be 250 gallons or more, the armored combat vehicle can be above land if it is placed on a four inch midst, sealed, leveled slab of cement. The armored combat vehicle has to be fitted with several valves, adjustments, pipes, and gages that all have to be accessible for review. The greywater can merely be used in belowground infiltration methods that have a batch of criterions and specifications to continue. Dirt that the H2O is used on has to let certain sums of H2O through at a specific rate and it must be off from many possible jeopardies like: watercourses, rivers, veggies in a garden can non come in direct contact, edifices, houses, H2O tabular array and more. In the terminal, it is non wor th the clip, fuss, or money to roll up greywater. ( Rule R317-401, 2012 ) .LandscapingLandscaping is one of the largest ingestions of H2O use. In Utah, most occupants use 60 % -70 % of their H2O on landscape gardening. During the winter months, H2O use is lower, but as spring and summer come around, H2O use can take a drastic addition. There are several methods that can be practiced to diminish the sum of H2O used on landscaping without enduring the peace and beauty that a garden can offer ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/ ) . In an interview conducted with Casey Finlinson, the Assistant Conservation Horticulturist at the Central Utah Water Conservancy District ( personal communicating, 10/05/2012 ) , he explained how there are so many different ways we can conserve H2O in our landscape gardening picks. Xeriscape is frequently a pick we can utilize to assist cut down usage of H2O. At the Central Utah Water Conservancy Gardens, they prefer to mention to xeriscape as H2O efficient landscaping. This is because when people hear the word xeriscape, they confuse it hearing â€Å" nothing † flower stalk, acquiring the thought that means holding a pace filled stones, cactus, soil and really small to no grass. Even though xeriscaping and H2O efficient landscaping mean the same thing, people prefer to hear the later and seem to better associate to the broad possibilities that are available. In a survey done by the American Water Works Association over a five twelvemonth period of clip, the overall costs of xeriscaping was compared to the traditional methods of caring for sod. Residents who participated found a 30 % nest eggs in H2O use, an overall lessening in care cost clip as compared to those who maintained traditional landscape gardening. The construct of xeriscaping provides a delighting expression to a place, while utilizing H2O resources efficaciously ( Sovocool, Morgan & A ; Bennett, 2006 ) . To be effectual with H2O efficient landscape gardening, there are seven stairss to follow. The first measure involves the planning and design of your pace. As one designs their pace, they can take what best fits their demands and involvements while paying attending to inside informations such as H2O, infinite and visible radiation demands for each works. Planning is indispensable when taking a H2O wise landscape. The following measure involves analysing your dirt. Different types of dirt usage H2O otherwise. A flaxen dirt is more like a screen, while a clay type dirt holds H2O in. Blending mulch with your dirt can assist equally administer the H2O and following irrigating guidelines specific to the dirt type can guarantee proper H2O use ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/7_steps.aspx ) . Plant choice is step three. When sing the Central Utah Water Conservancy Gardens, one may pick up a booklet that lists all the workss that are turning in the garden. While walking through and acquiring thoughts, you can tag the box next to the works which you are interested in. Knowing what types of workss best suite the dirt and clime demands is of import. Choosing practical sizes for lawn countries and type of grass to utilize is step four ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/7_steps.aspx ) . Once workss and grass are chosen, concentrating on how to H2O everything expeditiously is step five. There are assorted types of scattering systems and drip irrigating systems that can present H2O efficaciously to want topographic points. Knowing how frequently and how much H2O to utilize can assist workss develop a deep root system, giving them strength to last through times of drouth or utmost heat. Step six suggests utilizing about three inches of mulch around bushs and workss because this helps to maintain H2O from vaporizing while maintaining workss cool ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/7_steps.aspx ) . The concluding measure of a H2O efficient landscape is to pattern proper pace attention. Regular care and pruning helps maintain workss healthy. Monitoring workss for disease and insects and detecting dirt conditions can cut down the emphasis on workss, guaranting their wellness and ability to use the H2O. With proper planning, seting and attention we are able to use our H2O resources more sagely ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/7_steps.aspx ) . There are besides other methods which can be followed to continue our H2O supply. These illustrations come from the Mono Lake community. Mono Lake supplies Los Angeles, California with the bulk of its H2O. The lake was being depleted so rapidly to the point of about being dried up, attempts were enacted to refill the H2O supply and educate the community. Now the lake is keeping the same degree it was in 1970 despite the drastic growing of over 1 million people in the encompassing country. Puting lawn mower blades one notch higher, rinsing autos on the lawn, and non irrigating on overcast/rainy yearss can salvage an norm up to 1500 gallons of H2O each month. Even by brushing the private road alternatively of hosing it down can salvage more than 600 gallons a month. By doing little attempts to salvage a small H2O, the H2O beginnings communities draw from will be more capable of functioning us to run into our hereafter needs ( Mono Lake, 2012 ) .In Residential HomesWater preservation ma kes it so that our supplies of H2O go farther. Besides, when you use less H2O it makes for less work for the H2O intervention installations, which in bend makes it so that less energy is used. Conserving H2O besides saves energy. When a individual uses less hot H2O they save on H2O warming. There are so many good ways to conserve H2O around everybody ‘s house ( Mono Lake, 2012 ) .Conservation in the bathroomMake certain your lavatory is an ultra-low flower theoretical account, which uses merely one and a half gallons per flower. If you ‘re taking a shower, do n't blow cold H2O waiting for hot H2O to make the showerhead. Catch that H2O in a container to utilize on your outside workss or to blush your lavatory. Saves 200 – 300 gallons a month. Check lavatory for leaks. Put dye tablets or nutrient colouring into the armored combat vehicle. If colour appears in the bowl without blushing, there ‘s a leak that should be repaired. Saves 400 gallons a month. Turn off the H2O while brushing your dentitions. Saves three gallons each twenty-four hours. Turn off the H2O while shaving. Fill the underside of the sink with a few inches of H2O to rinse your razor. Saves three gallons each twenty-four hours.Conservation in the kitchenIf you wash dishes by manus – and that ‘s the best manner – do n't go forth the H2O running for rinsing. If you have two sinks, make full one with rinse H2O. If you merely have one sink, utilize a spray device or short blasts alternatively of allowing the H2O tally. Saves 200 – 500 gallons a month. When rinsing dishes by manus, use the least sum of detergent possible. This minimizes rinse H2O needed. Saves 50 – 150 gallons a month. Keep a bottle of imbibing H2O in the icebox. This beats the uneconomical wont of running tap H2O to chill it for imbibing. Saves 200 – 300 gallons a month. Do n't deice frozen nutrients with running H2O. Either program in front by puting frozen points in the icebox overnight or deice them in the microwave. Saves 50 – 150 gallons a month. Do n't allow the spigots run while you clean veggies. Rinse them in a filled sink or pan. Saves 150 – 250 gallons a month. Use the refuse disposal less and the refuse more ( even better – compost! ) Saves 50 – 150 gallons a month. Mono Lake, 2012 A batch of people believe that taking a shower alternatively of a bath conserves H2O, even many H2O and energy environmentalists frequently say this. This is non needfully true, it truly depends on what sort of showerhead is being used. Other factors include if there is a â€Å" flow restrictor † in the showerhead and how long you shower. Most places that were built before 1992 do non hold a flow restrictor in the showerhead and if there is non one in the showerhead â€Å" opportunities are your showerheads put out about five gallons of H2O per minute ( gpm ) † ( Consumer energy, 2012 ) . If a showerhead does set out five gallons per minute so you would clock five by the figure of proceedingss you shower and that would be the sum of H2O being sent down the drain. On norm it takes 30-50 gallons of H2O to make full a bathing tub. Therefore, if a individual takes the mean 15 minute shower with an old showerhead it would be 75 gallons of H2O traveling down the drain. The showerheads with flow restrictors in them use about half the H2O of the old showerheads, hence, that same 15 minute shower with a flow restrictor would merely be 37.5 gallons traveling down the drain ( Consumer energy, 2012 ) . However, harmonizing to the Department of Energy â€Å" list the mean shower as devouring 12 gallons, † must be with the flow restrictor, â€Å" and the mean bath merely nine gallons of H2O ( Consumer studies, 2012 ) . I tested this nine gallon theory by mensurating out nine gallons of H2O into my bathing tub. I so measured how many inches this was and it was merely 2.25 inches high in my bath. This is non a sensible sum of H2O to take a bath in. Peoples from the Consumer Report say that 20 gallons for a bath is more sensible [ aˆÂ ¦ ] and that it is of import to hold a clip bound for showers and to utilize a â€Å" low-flow † showerhead ( Consumer studies, 2012 ) . A individual can prove to see the sum of H2O they use in a shower or a bath. They can stop up the bath when they shower and after they are done lavishing they can see how much H2O is in the bath. If this is more than they would utilize for a bath than they may be better off taking a bath, if it is less than they would utilize for a bath so it would do sense, preservation wise, for them to go on taking showers ( Consumer energy, 2012 ) . Low-flow showerheads are available that use merely 1.5 gallons of H2O per minute, every bit good as â€Å" shower timers † , although it has been said that the shower timers are non every bit conserving as the low-flow showerheads. The shower timers are more of a â€Å" behavioural tool † for people to utilize so that they may alter how they shower and push them toward preservation ( Consumer studies, 2012 ) . A twosome other preservation tips that one can make is to non shave in the shower and to turn the shower off while floging up. There are besides automatic spigots, automatic lavatories, and waterless urinals ( Yosemite, 2012 ) .Home versus commercial fixturesThe mean place bathroom spigot uses 2.2 gallons of H2O per minute, some low-flow place bathroom spigots can utilize every bit small as 1.5 gallons per minute ( Yosemite, 2012 ) . Commercial bathroom spigots have an mean set sum of half a gallon per minute when used with a half-gallon per minute aerator ( Yosem ite, 2012 ) . The mean lavatory that is non a low-flow lavatory uses about 4.5 gallons per flower, whereas the low-flow lavatories can utilize merely 1.6 gallons per flower ( Tampa gov. , 2012 ) . This is the best manner to conserve H2O through your lavatory. However, another manner to conserve through lavatories is to put in a â€Å" retrofitting flushometer † which is a tankless lavatory ( Tampa gov. , 2012 ) .Impacts of Water UsageWhere is imbibing H2O for Utah coming from?Utah ‘s H2O comes from several topographic points. The municipal H2O beginnings include groundwater, natural springs and artesian Wellss, and surface H2O. These beginnings of H2O are replenished largely by snowpack and the remainder by the other signifiers of precipitation. There are 18 municipal providers of H2O to Utah and 12 hydrologic basins which feed into these providers. Of the 951,901 acre-feet of H2O used in 2005, approximately 60 % was drinkable H2O and 40 % was non-potable H2O used by industry ( Munici pal and Industrial Water Supply and Use Studies, 2009 ) .How is Our Water Used?Water is indispensable to all signifiers of life, non merely for worlds. It provides many maps in the organic structure, such as temperature ordinance, to transport substances, and besides as a lubricator for articulations, variety meats, and tissues ( Wardlaw & A ; Smith, 2012 ) . Water, particularly big organic structures of H2O such as lakes and oceans, plays a major function in the Earth ‘s ecosystem and affects the clime and conditions of parts ( National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [ NOAA ] , 2012 ) . Harmonizing to the National Climatic Data Center, the past 12 months ( October 2011-September 2012 ) have been Utah ‘s 11th driest twelvemonth since 1895. In one-year precipitation in the twentieth century, Utah averages merely 11.59 inches ( NOAA, 2012 ) . Fires, particularly wildfires, are a large concern in Utah since it is one of the driest provinces. Current twelvemonth to day of the month figures approximate that 420,000 estates have been burned by wildfires in Utah ( Year-to-date fires, 2012 ) . In add-on to other methods of contending these fires, aerial firefighting usage H2O from lakes and reservoirs to drop H2O bombs. Because of the demand to contend these fires, big H2O beginnings in Utah are really indispensable to snuff outing wildfires. Another importance of H2O to Utah is legion sums of organic structures of H2O which attract touristry, assisting to hike Utah ‘s economic system. Utah State Parks non merely have to concentrate on public safety for H2O diversion, but besides the protection of natural resources. The following amounts up the intents of the State Park ‘s Boating plan ( Boating instruction, n.d ) : Utah ‘s Boating Program aims to educate and inform boat operators about boating Torahs and regulations established to supply public safety and protect our natural resources on Utah ‘s waterways. Our attempts are funded through boat enrollment fees, province revenue enhancements on gasolene used in powerboats, and federal yachting safety grants. With an ever-increasing demand on Utah ‘s limited figure of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, leghorns must utilize their H2O diversion resources sagely. Harmonizing to Utah Foundation Research ( Making an oasis, 2002 ) , the largest H2O user in Utah is agribusiness, which accounts for 85 % of all H2O use. In Provo, Brigham Young University and Pacific States, a dramatis personae Fe pipe production works, are the largest users of H2O. Because of increased industrial and commercial H2O usage during the summer season, Provo metropolis has increased culinary H2O cost in order to promote H2O preservation. Those rates are at $ 0.884 per one 1000 gallons between the months of May and October. During other months, the rates are at $ 0.528 per one 1000 gallons. Ratess are increased during the summer season because H2O use is higher during that clip period due to agriculture and landscaping care. For a comparing of H2O use in summer months versus winter months in assorted communities, refer to Postpone A and Table B in the appendix. Since H2O is so cheap, an single household or place may non see a immense cost impact on their H2O measure if they conserve H2O. As such, places should concentrate more on the environmental impact instead than the fiscal impact of H2O preservation. ( T. Messick, personal communicating, October 16, 2012 ) .DecisionContinuing our H2O resources is necessary to prolonging life. In a study from Krumholz, Haugen and Lindquist ( 2005 ) , it is predicted by the United Nations Project that one out of three people in the universe will non hold adequate H2O to prolong life by the twelvemonth 2025. Some thoughts for continuing this critical resource include minimising pollution to fresh H2O beginnings and increasing the degree of consciousness among persons, groups and communities about the necessary demand to be aware of H2O use and saving. Some methods of H2O preservation include roll uping rain H2O, utilizing appropriate landscaping H2O methods, being mindful of how we use our H2O in our plac es and utilizing devices that help decrease the end product from H2O fixtures. As members of society take portion in cut downing the human impact that can take to H2O deficit, it will be easier to refill and keep the natural H2O beginnings we have available. AppendixTable A( Water rate constructions in Utah, 2005 )Table Bacillus( Water rate constructions in Utah, 2005 )

Should college dorms be separated between male and female Research Paper

Should college dorms be separated between male and female - Research Paper Example Promiscuity is another element which needs to be considered here, promiscuous men and women are ruining our society and the same can easily happen should men and women reside in the same dorm. Sexually transmitted diseases would spread should promiscuous men and women change partners on a regular basis and this would not be good for the others residing in the same dorm, there would be unrest and quarrel in the dorm should men and women reside in the same dorm. These are very valid points which need to be considered and these are very logical arguments too. There are positives also which must not be ignored; there are several advantages of sharing dorms. Men and women both live together in a society and staying together would certainly prepare them for the future and make them stronger emotionally. The real life experience that they would get by staying together would be second to none and they can learn a lot of things from each other but it can lead to a lot of quarrels also. It is important to consider the other side because every coin is two sided and it is highly unfair to ignore the other side. â€Å"Many students who live in coed dorms argue that its not that big of a deal. Dorm life is not one big college sex party. Male and female students have the same basic housing needs-- sleeping accommodations, a place to study, and companionship. Why separate people with the same needs? After all, students are adults.† (Coed Dorm Life) Having men around is always good as far as the safety of women is concerned but men also pose serious safety problems to women and many a time it becomes very difficult to handle aggressive males chasing women and this can be a very serious problem should men and women stay in the same dorm. â€Å"Coed dorms provide lots of dating opportunities. Unfortunately, dating someone in your dorm isnt necessarily a good idea. Its

Japanese America Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Japanese America - Coursework Example Furthermore, no citizen showed any betrayal to their nation. As the procedure to send Japanese Americans to camps began, many lost all their materialistic needs since they had little or no time to gather their belongings. In addition, several people took advantage of that as the citizens were required short sell their possessions. At the time of World War II, Americans drastically feared attacks from foreign enemies. The attack on Pearl Harbor was just another incident that â€Å"fueled the fire.† Hence, for many Americans, detaining Japanese Americans and throwing them into camps seemed justifiable. Ironically enough, history has a strange way of repeating itself. After the attacks in September 11, many Muslims faced a similar situation as many were deported, arrested, and tried for crimes they did not commit. Obviously, my view is different since the modern society is propagating for civil rights. Consequently, during the WWII era,. Although Truman had a tough decision to ma ke, I do not agree with his decision for several reasons. First and foremost, the bomb killed 70,000 people and another 70000 died from radiation. The bomb flattened the city killing tens of thousands of civilians and left the city in chaos with big clouds of smoke and decay. From Truman’s perspective, it was a different thought as he wanted the war to end as soon as possible.

Strategic Choice and Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategic Choice and Analysis - Assignment Example Stephen Haines' Centre for Strategic Management has built a new strategic planning system based on systems thinking and calls it the 21st Century Yearly Strategic Management System and Cycle. This system moves beyond planning into implementation. It includes a Plan-to-Plan phase and a Plan-to-Implement phase. The steps include team building and leadership skill building as part of the planning. It also includes a parallel process whereby all key stakeholders are involved based on the premise that 'People support what they help create'. This process starts with a Futuristic Environmental Scan and defines the ideal vision in terms of mission, values and end outcomes that the organization wishes to set for itself. Only after the statement of such Ideal Future a Current State assessment based on SWOT is taken up to identify the gaps and make strategies to close the gap.As a result of their clients adopting this model, it was found that clients began developing the competitive edge and th e organization was much clearer on what their competitive "positioning" in market place was and found themselves moving positively in that direction, to the delight of their customers.(Haines,2004).Thus this process leans directly into the process of competitive strategy making as it includes environmental scan both-present and future and enables movement in the desired direction. However this system's parallel process is a very critical aspect and strategic management literature has a common view that good strategies grow out of ideas that have been floating around the firm, and initiatives that have been taken by all sorts of people in the firm. This resource must be drawn upon as frequently as required even in competitive strategy making. Thus a company's competitive strategy would concern primarily with its actions and plans for competing successfully - its specific and focused efforts to please clients, its offensive and defensive maneuvers to counter similar efforts of rivals, its responses to prevailing market conditions, and its initiatives to strengthen and improve its market position. Types of Competitive Strategies The generic competitive strategies and their standard objectives have been given in numerous strategic management literatures to include the following: (a) Overall Low-Cost Leadership Strategy: Its primary object is to find a sustainable cost advantage over rivals, using lower-cost edge as a basis either to under-price rivals and reap market share gains or earn higher profit margin by selling at going price. (b) Broad Differentiation Strategy: Its primary objective is to incorporate differentiating features that cause buyers to prefer firm's product or service over rival brands. Looking on the obverse side it implies that an organization must find ways to differentiate that create value for buyers and that such ways should not be amenable to easy copying and matching by rivals. An important differentiation strategy is not to spend more than the chargeable price premium, ever to achieve differentiation. This is in fact the theoretical

Rural Delivery Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rural Delivery Journal - Essay Example My town is a small community at the base of a mountain range. Most residents of the community have lived in the area for multiple generations. My family has lived there for four generations, essentially the entire time since our ancestors immigrated to America. There is a single convenience store that serves the community. It sells gas and grocery items. The only other commercial/industrial building is the post office that serves the community. The post office is a remnant left from when the community was a railroad stop in the late 1800s. Regarding roads, there is an equal mixture of asphalt and gravel roads. No road is over two lanes, and it takes a journey to get to an interstate. Culturally, the community is very homogenous. The people are largely white and work in agriculture or blue collar manufacturing. Those with college degrees are few and far between. In fact, a college degree marks one as an outsider and as a â€Å"city boy† or â€Å"city girl.† Politically, the people are divided between Democrat and Republican. The older residents are almost all Democrat because they believe that Hoover led them to the Great Depression, and Hoover was a Republican. Almost all of the younger residents are Republican because they value the right to bear arms and other conservative values. In addition, most people are religious, and the majority religion is Baptist. John Q. Student Professor Doe English 344 8 May 2000 â€Å"Fish Cheeks† Journal I sympathize with how Tan felt at the Thanksgiving dinner. It is very difficult to be different from the norm. I have social phobia, and I am always very aware and self-conscious in social situations. Though I know that it is irrational, I feel like everyone is always watching me and judging me. I am sure that Tan felt that way for much of her life. I also am familiar with the situation that Tan is describing. I grew up in a very rural community. My parents, whom I love greatly, are not very educated and en joy the simple country life. I have always been different. I excelled in school and am enjoying college as well. But, every time I bring someone from college home, I feel very self-conscious. Since most of the people I attend college with are from middle-class suburban or urban families, I don’t feel like they can understand my family. My parents’ grammar and topics of conversation are sometimes embarrassing. Like Tan, however, I am very proud of my family. I have skills and knowledge that many people I attend college with will never have. I can both hoe a row of corn and write an essay with equal skill. John Q. Student Professor Doe English 344 8 May 2000 â€Å"Mary Ellen’s Story† Journal The fact that three children die every day in the United States due to abuse is a startling and unforgivable statistic. As to why a parent would intentionally harm a child, I cannot think of any reasonable rationale. I understand that some parents are abused and then ab use their children. I also know that children can test the nerve of the parent to a great degree. However, there is never an excuse for abuse. I have a good explanation for the reason that child abuse goes unreported. Contemporary American society emphasizes the individual. Our society believes that the individual is the most important element. There is no concept of society as an organism in itself. The result of this belief is unfortunate. For instance, there are no laws protecting Good Samaritans in America. A person who

Captiva Conglomerate case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Captiva Conglomerate - Case Study Example Likewise, the contract that was signed by Captiva’s president agreed to the conditions that stipulated terms such as ‘best efforts’ and ‘whenever possible’ that restrict legal recourse to be filed against SOS. Also, of the stipulated $1M allocated to the contract, 17 unchanged price orders were apparently noted. Finally, only the director of IT, Jana Perry, supposedly reviewed and acknowledged the conditions of the contract. The major problem faced by Captiva was the incomprehensively defined contract forged between Captiva and SOS that was signed by its President with only the director of the IT reviewing and approving its specifications. Upon closer review and examination, the contract which was supposed to improve support, cut inventory and provide more uptime failed to deliver expected results. However, due to the approved terms, despite inconclusive and indeterminate clauses, Captiva has minimum options to seek legal recourse. A. Have the contract be reviewed by Captiva’s legal counsel to determine any legal recourse given the insufficient, inconclusive and indeterminate clauses specified; as well as the failure to note any definite price orders, as needed. Likewise, the fact that there are delays that occurred despite appropriate applications of the inventory system and spare parts management systems indicate failure to deliver expected results. The advantage of this option is that the legal counsel would be the most competent and qualified person to gauge the reliability of the contract and if some terms could render filing breach of contract, as needed, to enable Captiva to recover the amount invested for this. The disadvantage of this option is that it could be time consuming and also costly to employ the legal services to recommend corrective actions and remunerate them for the damages incurred. B. Review the organization’s policies on

What issues do HRD managers need to take into account when planning a Essay

What issues do HRD managers need to take into account when planning a management learning and development programme - Essay Example Thus the knowledge-based economy pertains to knowledge creation and its diffusion with the role of information management. All the actors of this new knowledge based economy, whether they are the individuals and companies or even the state have to be wary of losing out the in fiercely competitive global economy .This means that the education and training of the labour force has to be based upon maintenance and knowledge enhancement of the knowledge capital in order to be more innovative and adaptable to technological changes. The HRD plays an important role in the personal development of the labour force.In essence, personal development theory argues that if management implements a specified set of employment as well as work practices, it is going to lead to better performance. A lot of the practices such as teamwork, redesigned jobs, employee participation, teamwork as well as communication and information sharing - have been shown to improve performance, but not in a consistent manner. The strongest results have been obtained where models appear to approximate the real world of work and where measurement and sampling errors are reduced by using special-purpose surveys targeted at workplaces in specific. A common thread running through these studies is that personal development contributes to high performance where workers are expected and encouraged to perform at a high standard. This occurs where HRD and work organization practices provide workers with discretion or control over their work, where they are developed to work competently, and where they are supported and rewarded by management to work co-operatively with colleagues. This theory suggests three mechanisms - structural, motivational and cognitive - that lead to high performance. Structural alterations, for example, the creation of teams or introduction of a new reward system, may provide an initial rather than continuing improvement in performance. For continuous improvement, employees need to increase and sustain their motivation at a high level - a possibility that arises through perceptions and emotions related to greater work satisfaction and empowerment - and/or cognitive changes need to be introduced. These might include improved management communication and investment in formal training and/or on-the-job learning (Appelbaum et al. 737-775). The last 2 decades have seen a significant shift in human resource development (HRD) research from an essentially micro-analytical approach to a new macro-strategic perspective. Other from the conventional administrative role, HRD has identified new roles in terms of employee champion, change agent and strategic partner. Over the years, there has been much speculation about the role of the HRD in the organization going ahead. Authors and business gurus have made various predictions regarding the role, function as well as size of the HRD department. HRD responsibilities have typically come under fire as a result of its perceived unresponsiveness as well as administrative and not strategic focus along with the perception that they are cost centres and not star wealth creation centres they bring in the revenue. The impact on Training of the knowledge based economy thus requires the need for instilling the culture of effective Knowledge management into the learning and education as a whole. According to (Psarras 2006) "Knowledge management is the process of critically managing knowledge to meet existing needs, to identify and exploit existing and acquired knowledge assets and to

The analysis of art in history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The analysis of art in history - Essay Example The phenomenon is pretty well universal on pots: black frequently appears at the points where a need for strengthening on an analogous metal vessel might be expected. Although the practice of using black and red in what critics might describe as structural contexts was carried over into red-lines, it did not survive long there. It occurs on some of the earliest pottery, but its use on vessels made in this technique tends to be confined to lettering and subsidiary features such as streaks of blood, urine, black eyes, or cocks' combs. We might suppose that these were added in copper to silver vessels decorated in 'gold-figure'. The use of copper on vessels which had a substantial bronze component would not have affected their value, whereas its use on vessels made of precious metal had to be restrained (as it was, judging by their ceramic counterparts); for to over-use it would have been tantamount to advertising the fact that their value was not equal to their weight; the ancients (Pa pathanasopoulos 54). Another object selected for analysis is Three Mycenaean Terracotta One-Handled Cups. These cups dated back a. 1400-1300 BC. They belong to Mycenaean culture and represents a traditional type of pottery used by the civilization. The interrelationships of form and color in pottery had a long tradition behind them. They were, however, part of a continuum which can be observed over centuries, and certainly beyond the Roman period. The 'essential unity' of the most common kind of fine pottery, the tableware that is 'generally red in color and with a fine clay coating known variously as a glaze. In reality, while technical details of the potter's craft may well have passed from one centre to another, the vessels that were made will usually have evoked the plate made locally for rich households or sanctuaries. Gold- and silversmiths' designs, moulds, and plaster casts probably played a major role. The use of red on pots was probably but a gesture in the direction of gold, for the vessels i n question would never have appeared side-by-side in a context where close comparisons could be made. In the case of Mycenaean pottery, fine red tableware will probably have been made for people who had only heard about gold vessels, or who only saw them from a distance at festivals (Mycenaean 20-21). In contrast to the Cycladic Terracotta, red colors reveal in the cups. The characteristic forms of pottery after Alexander's conquests were rather different from those that had existed before. The mould-made, handle-less bowls decorated in relief that became the norm, doubtless reflected Near Eastern dining practices. The characteristic color of local mould-made pottery continued to be black: one category of bowls 'are covered with the black glaze familiar from Attic pottery of earlier periods (Mycenaean 21). The main difference is unique ornament and geometric figures in pottery: there are geometric ornaments on the jug. The cups are ornamented with geometric ornaments and circles. These ornaments represent unique cultural meaning of each civilization and their perception of the world around them. The pottery did not play a sacred role but is found in boreal places. Both examples allow to say that economic aspect

Essentials of contemporary communication Assignment

Essentials of contemporary communication - Assignment Example The three skills most in demand are ability for versatile teamwork, problem solving, and communication. People are expected to work well with others and be able to switch easily from team to team, depending on the project. This implies a capacity for quick learning, high adaptability, and composure under pressure. This is an extension of teaming up and versatility a work. People who can recognize problems and implement solutions are esteemed by companies. Not only the management needs them; such people are the darlings of colleagues everywhere, and also of HR managers. Such people are blessed with the traits of thinking creatively, visualizing and suggesting solutions, knowing what to learn and how to do that at the right time. Communication skills are not just for professional advancement. Even as a personal trait it is very essential to be a welcome member of any group in family or society. But it has an added significance in the workplace—from performing the routine work, to securing timely promotions and wage hikes. Today’s communication needs can be classified broadly into three areas—written, oral and technological. Written: lot of documentation, reporting, correspondence and filling up of forms is involved in usual work. Excellence in these areas is necessary to cut one’s way through career goals. Oral: Simple speech communication matters a lot in today’s workplace. Good skills at this is needed for successfully selling your ideas to your manager for project approval, happy appraisal of work done and moving up the career ladder, giving instructions, understanding instructions and implementing things, maintaining rapport with co-workers of different levels and tempe rament, fruitful telephonic deals, interviewing people and gathering information, making presentations and a lot more. Technology: Proficiency with communication channels like telephone, fax, email,

Top of Form Essay Example for Free

Top of Form Essay The U.S. has gone through many transitions in its short history. The pre-Depression were born before 1930. People born in this era as young children saw their family go through very difficult hardships. They are mostly conservative and are typically not concerned about materialistic things but instead concerned about health, aging, financial, and personal security. People born in the Depression era were small children who were instilled into them the importance of rationing, saving, morals, and ethics. People in this generation value family togetherness, but are slow to embrace change. People born in the baby boom era, typically born 1946-1964, were all about self-expression and optimism. Today, many of the baby boomers are workaholics working well into their 50s and 60s. Many people of this generation are more tuned in to technology. The golf channel would cater to a lot of people from this generation due to the fact nearly all of them are retired at this point. Golf is one of those sports that you dont necessarily need to be in tip top shape to partake in. Product managers of the golf channel would cater to people of this generation by showing golf as a leisurely activity that can be done on a Sunday afternoon. The approach the golf channel marketing to the Depression group be similar to the pre-Depression. Golf would be depicted golf as a nice leisurely activity that is not strenuous on your body and is a sport perfect for soon to be or already retired people. Baby boomers would look at Golf as a place where business transactions are discussed. Golf has greatly transformed over the past few decades and many more people of the baby boomers generation are beginning to play it. As I a sales representative of Verizon Wireless, I deal with the difficulty of trying to cater my sales pitch to individuals from all three of the generations. For a product like an ipod, the earlier the generation, the more difficult it is for them to buy into the concept or product. For an individual from the pre-Depression era it would be important to focus on strictly the functionality of the device and not the device itself. Somebody from this generation is not going to be sold on the bandwagon approach. However, you can cater to the fact that an ipod can assist them in their everyday lives and make many tasks a lot easier. For example, as memory loss kicks in, having a phone that can set reminders or even has the capability of being able to beep when its misplaced would be very appealing to somebody to somebody a little older. Since people of this era are very family based, a project manager could also position the ability to send and receive pictures of their grandchildren and being able to see them via Skype. A project manager could also An individual from the baby boomer era would be the easiest to sell a device like the ipod to. People of this era would be much more more receptive to new technology and they would be more likely to be persuaded by the bandwagon approach.

Women in The Color Purple and The Handmaids Tale

Women in The Color Purple and The Handmaids Tale [NM1]The most common way people give up their power is by thinking they dont have any.[1] [NM2]This quote from Alice Walker encapsulates the premise of her novel The Color Purple and Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale. Both novels aim to educate and enlighten their audiences to the psychological effects of female subjugation. Walker and Atwood utilise a myriad of literary techniques, and the power of the female first-person narrative; illuminating to all readers the victimisation and suppression of women in patriarchal societies and households. Walkers quote is reflective of the protagonists in both novels; only when they think they have no power, is when they are truly powerless. This theme can be ascertained from the opening epistles of The Color Purple, the reader is immediately lambasted with the psychological effects of persecution on the protagonist, Celie, at the hands of her father[2], Alphonse. Walkers deployment of the first-person epistolary structure subconsciously precipitates for the reader becoming Celies emotional muse. Walker forces us to see Celies undistorted emotions in the truest form possible as Celie writes her letters for God, not an audience, allowing the letters to reflect her emotions, unplagued by an America burdened by institutional racism and patriarchy. Thus, the letters highlight the psychological effects of sexual and societal subjugation, undistorted by the environment that submerges her. Walker presents African-American homes[3] as parallel to white households, with the dominant male asserting power over the women and children, comparable to how the African-Americans were treated by the racist white society of 1930s America.[ 4] Walker adheres to the traditional literary representation of African-American women[5] in the novels inauguration, representing Walkers protagonist, as a victim of her society and environment. Psychologist Charles L. Proudfit, published, Celies Search for Identity: A Psychoanalytic Developmental Reading of Alice WalkersThe Color Purple.[6], labeling Celie as having gone through the typical thought process a child abuse victim. Celies first letter opens: Dear God, I am fourteen years old. I am I have always been a good girl.[7] Celie crosses out I am, changing the auxiliary verb to have, self-justifying her subjugation[8], believing the abuse is deserved and her treatment is justified[9]. The auxiliary device is jarring to the reader as Celie believes only God will see the letters, yet she doesnt feel that she is a good girl, despite being the most divine character in the novel, epitomised by Walker naming her Celie, a derivative of caelummeaning heaven in Latin. The crossing out I am reaffirms Proudfits analysis, she no longer believes that she is a good girl, but rather a tainted stain on the fabric of society; reiterated by the usage of the past tense, surrendering the prior image she had of herself. Walkers presentation of Celie suggests that she wholeheartedly believes that she is deserving of the abuse. Celie does not respond with rage to her subjugation initially, bowing to the agonistic authority of her Pa stating, sometimes it bees that way.[10] Subsequently, validating the abuse she is receiving by crossing out her past self-image, replacing it with the new solemn view point. The understated nature to the mentality change highlights the damaging psychological effects of the subjugation of women, a clear reference to Walkers driving quote. Celie thinks she has no power; but in reality, Celie has more power than anyone truly knows. Walker includes this to show that only when a woman gives up her power is when she is actually powerless, illuminated th rough the structure and deployment of specific language devices evoking a poignant response from both contemporary and contextual audiences. Comparably, in Margaret Atwoods, The Handmaids Tale, the women are subjected to incomprehensible oppression. In the dystopic, fundamentalist administration, Gilead, the female characters are stripped of the individualism that truly makes them women, their identities quashed and cut to fit the roles the government established to continue their patriarchal agenda. Atwood presents the abrasiveness of Gilead as a microcosm of everyday society in conjuncture with The Color Purple being representative of domestic life. Atwoods heroine, a female assigned as Offred, had the onerous burden of being a Handmaid; assigned as a surrogate to elitist, Serena and Fred Joy (alias, The Commander.) In her placement, Offred lost all freedoms she enjoyed pre-Gilead, replaced with set meals, activities and as a prerequisite of her role prearranged sexual intercourse sessions. Despite showing the dreadful conditions of Gilead, allegorically this can be interpreted as a social commentary from Atwood, repres enting patriarchal abusive relationships. In these relationships, the misogynistic figure controls every facet of life with abuse not exclusively physical. Instead, affecting every aspect of the recipients life, entailing financial and most destructively, mental abuse, with real and Gileadean society modelled around the idea that, A rat in a maze is free to go anywhere, as long as it stays inside the maze[11]. Represented further by the prearranged ordinances of the Handmaids, akin to Celie, the Handmaids and the people stuck in real abusive relationships they cannot escape. Correspondingly, in many abusive relationships the recipients begin to think what they are facing is normal per se, rather than fighting, accepting their suffrage as something to be expected; represented initially in both novels. Subsequently, relinquishing all power that they held reinforcing the idea of Alice Walker, psychological subjugation stretches into every single part of our lives, no matter where you g o, you can never escape your own mind. Prior to Gilead establishment, readers see Offred character as a rumbustious spirit, breaking free from societal norms, seen in Atwoods analeptic digressions from her unconventional relationship, meeting Luke at cheap hotels for sex. However, when delivered to Gilead she forgets the power that she holds, her perseverant psychological state is disintegrating with the threat of the Colonies[12] reinforcing to the reader the idea Offred must mentally shackle herself adhere to the limitations of life established. Reflecting to the audience that authoritarian subjugation has the power to inflict so much fear that we strip ourselves of the desire to fight for the liberty and freedom that we know is right. Highlighting the contrast between the protagonists, Offred is aware of her subjugation and is unable to rebel against it due to the potential backlash. Contrastingly, Celie, as aforementioned appears accepting of her role as deserved, or inevitable; alternatively, Offred preaches passive resistance taking liberation from the psychological onslaught. This can be ascertained by the description of her existence as theatrical: I stand on the corner pretending I am a tree.[13] Here, Walker presents to the reader the resilience of women in the face of patriarchal subjugation, and reflects the quote of Walker. Offred refuses to give up her power as can be seen from the choice of verb pretend. Suggesting, as a woman she has not changed psychologically due to her subjugation, rather she must appear changed to survive; separating herself from the image expected of her, never losing sight of how she perceives herself despite the indoctrination she is subjected to. Atwood encapsulates this by the comparison to a tree, trees perceiver throughout history, standing, unmoving, dependant on humans for preserving its life, exactly like Offred. Alternatively, others readers may interpret this as, despite not being able to escape physically from its surroundings but can soar upwards above the small, damaging thoughts of man; and survive unchangingly preserving its own identity, flourishing and blooming in the process. This is where we can see Offred, she conforms to the regime, but does not allow it to define her changing her self-perception, separating her physical and mental self. Offred understands she is just playing a role; analogous to a tree, despite all that is going on around her she is able to stay strong and unwavering in her quest to survive. The only way she can do this is by maintaining her mental strength and thus her power, despite the depravity circulating around her. Consequently, Atwood presents to the reader that Offred, despite not being a conventional literary hero -submitting outwardly to the regime- is unquestionably powerful, inspiring people in comparable real life positions, reinforcing the idea via tree imagery that by maintaining psychological strength she can never be felled. As aforementioned, Walker presents Celie in accordance with the traditional representation of African-American women in literature: timid, weak. Nevertheless, she undergoes a psychological transformation becoming an empowered woman, when she builds her relationship with the psychologically liberated Shug Avery. Prior to Averys arrival, Celie idolises her second to God alone. Shug becomes dependant on Celie whilst she nurses her, temporarily allowing Celie to feel equal to someone. In the process, Shug fills Celies emotional void she was deprived of, when Olivia was taken, Celie works on Shug like she a doll or like she Olivia.[14] Walkers diction, utilising the common noun doll produces connotations of childhood and play. Therefore, its prevalence in the sentence could represent that Celie has been deprived of a childhood due to the subjugation she encountered, but now she has Shug as her dependant, she appears psychologically liberated. Accordingly, Walkers syntax metaphorically rep resents to the reader the evolution of Celies character development. This interpretation is reinforced by critic and psychologist Daniel W. Ross, Celie in the Looking Glass: The Desire for Selfhood in The Color Purple. Ross identifies the doll as a transitional device for girls developing in childhood, preparing for the nurturing roll that they will experience as future mothers. A modern reader may not interpret it this way as in the 21st century not all women want to grow up to have children. However, when published in 1982 this was the norm of society, especially within the context of a 1930s African-American community in the South. With Ross interpretation and understanding of Walkers intentions, one can see that when people have the support to break free they do. Celie has clearly begun to employ some of the psychological growth stunted in her childhood, Shugs presence and later friendship acts as a tool for Celie enabling her to continue maturing despite the subjugation targete d against her by Mr.______. In conjunction with Walker, Atwood portrays the psychological effects of subjugation on Offred as decreasingly damaging, with her resilience against the regime. The structure of Offreds internal dialogue as a palimpsest of past events embodies the idea that Gileadean attempts to indoctrinate psychologically, but has failed control their private cognitions. This theme is shown in Offreds description of the Lilies of the Valley and its previous function as a theatre, Students went there a lotà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ women on their own, making up their mindsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ We seemed to be able to choose, then.[15] Atwoods analepsis represents to the reader despite the subjugation encountered in the patriarchy, a better way of life exists, almost as a vision of higher reality, identically to the role God and Nettie play for Celie. Despite these flashbacks being painful for Offred, by forcing herself to remember she keeps her power and the tenacity for survival. Atwood uses these flashbacks to sho w Offred rebelling against the indoctrination as early as Chapter five setting a precedent for the rest of the novel, and for people in real life situations comparable to Celie. Chapter five is when Offred becomes aware of her subjugation and wants to fight it, following an encounter with Japanese tourists, We are fascinated, but also repelled. They seem undressed. This shows immediately quickly from the start of the novel, the weak can be indoctrinated, if you are not strong and dont maintain your mental strength in the subjugating surroundings you will fall. Nevertheless, Atwood presents Offred as a macrocosm of all women with the idea that a woman always has the power to think no matter what situation she is in. We can see this with the realisation that follows Offreds quote I think: I used to dress like that. That was freedom. [NM3]This quote explicitly highlights Offreds psychological development, from accepting the ideas promoted in Gilead to an outright rejection of the philo sophy of the role females are supposed to undertake. The punctuation of this quote acts as an audible and visible barrier between the mind control of Gilead and the mental liberty that Offred desires. Atwood tactfully uses the colon in place of a comma to show the separation between her desire to think and the actual thoughts that she has. Atwoods presentation allows the reader to see the cognitive functions of her brain, rejecting the indoctrination that she had received at the red centre. Also, extenuating how far society has affected her that it takes time and effort to come to a judgement that she previously associated with on a material level. By opening this door, Atwood presents the idea that having made this initial rebellion, she is reclaiming her power and can move on to reject other elements of society. Shunning Aunt Lydias freedom from in favour of having the freedom to, and thus we can see a decrease in the psychological effects that the authoritarianism has on her. Hen ce, Atwoods reinforcement of Walkers theme, when one becomes mentally liberated from subjugation they gain the metamorphic ability to transform into an unstoppable entity with the power to continue your personal insurgence. Celies psychological development, isnt dependent on Shug alone, she also learns to live alone and function as an independent woman; comparable to Offred, just in a different society. Walker portrays Celie as conquering her subjugation gaining her freedom from the patriarchal society by taking control of her own life but not sacrificing her femininity in the process, as being strong and feminine two things often not mutually associated. Celie takes up sewing, traditionally a matriarchal chore for women who are confined to a domestic setting. But, Walker takes this and turns it into an outlet of expression, creativity and freedom as well as a lucrative business in the process, profiting on femininity. Despite being unrealistic that an African-American girl could make this monumental shift in her life, it should be remembered that these are not explicitly real people but rather representations of a wider narrative that the authors want to convey. When this is considered the deus ex mach ina is powerful symbolism representing, when women are psychologically liberated from subjugation anything is possible for anyone, promoting an idea of female expressionism and psychological advances. We gain this understanding as it exemplifies Walkers own beliefs on feminism and equality as she is a firm believer that femininity doesnt mean subjugation[16]. Reflected by Celies deliverance from subjugation through associating with female characters and partaking in feminine hobbies. If Celie gained her psychological strength by taking on something characteristically male, with men the reader would not have the same veneration towards Celie, breaking from societal convention. In a society dominated by men Celies unique femininity flourishes, showing that women do not need men to succeed highlighting the importance of female cooperation and bonding. Professor Mae G. Henderson[17] reinforces that its female bonding which restores a womens sense of completeness and independenceà ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [Celie] exemplifies the power and potential of this bonding. Celies business is metaphorical in the need for female empowerment, its her business and female bonding that has freed her and now she is gaining success Walker reflects this in her mental state. Therefore, the business acts as an important symbol in Celies psychological development. No longer does she feel she deserves the abuse described by Proudfit, comparably to Offred shes striving to create a better tomorrow for herself, reclaiming her mental power lost in her subjugation. Atwood concludes Offreds journey from victim to rebel through the cassette tapes. These recordings prove to Atwoods readers that Offreds consciousness and ability to remember her life prior to Gilead enables her to live on, never relinquishing the past. Whether Offred witnessed the fall of Gilead is left ambiguous, but she proves the regime didnt take her psychological strength. The tapes metaphorically represent her ability to be heard above the government, the indoctrination of the Aunts and the fear of The Eyes all unsuccessful in their psychological subjugation of Offred. Atwood presents that the attempts to psychologically subjugate Offred was never as strong as the desire of women to overcome the problems they are faced with. Similarly, Celies final letter shows the extent to which her character has developed across the breadth of the novel. The novel ends with the realisation that although her generation is growing older, the reunion with her children and Nettie has made her f eel younger than ever; providing psychological closure for the absence of childhood that she has endured. Now she can appreciate the virtue of youthfulness that was stripped from her at the start of the novel. Walker opened with a quote from Alphonse, You better not never tell nobody but God. Itd kill your mammy. Readers can see that in the opening parts of the novel Celie adheres to this subjugation and her letters are never titled to anyone other than God, showing how her voice was suppressed by her father. However, by the end of the novel Celie is talking to all things on earth and otherworldly breaking secular liminality Dear God. Dear stars, Dear trees, Dear sky, Dear peoples, Dear everything. Therefore, we can wee that Walker concludes her novel similarly to Atwood; with both protagonists overcoming the psychological effects of their subjugators by allowing their voices to be freed. Howbeit, where the authors differ is through the legacy their characters leave behind in their messages, both can be seen as mutually optimistic consisting of the fall of Gilead, and a jubilant Celie reunited with her family, giving Celies tale a conclusive ending. But, Atwoods shows, whilst undeniable victories have been made for feminism, society is still misogynistic, ascertained from the language used by Professor Pieixoto being almost identical to that being used in Gilead. Thus, whilst presenting the idea that when one woman is freed from the subjugation the next shall follow; its still the job of her readers and to keep on fighting as society, despite becoming a long was is still patriarchal is not the answer reinforced by the fact that Offred rejected her mothers activism and consequently we are never sure if she enjoys liberation. The authors, via the protagonists take us on a subconscious journey through society with the first-person narrative. Allowing the reader to gain a personal insight into what the individual stories represent, and the best way that the author s can do this is through psychological evaluation. As the brain is something we can never escape, both authors aim to educate the reader on the effects that subjugation has and how by coming together; women can defeat this and triumph against any challenge. Hit this: Critical evaluative application Presents a critical evaluative argument with sustained textual examples. Evaluates the effects of literary features with sophisticated use of concepts and terminology. Uses sophisticated structure and expression. Exhibits a critical evaluation of the ways meanings are shaped. Evaluates the effects of literary features and shows a sophisticated understanding of the writers craft. Presents a sophisticated evaluation and appreciation of significance and influence of contextual factors. Makes sophisticated links between text and contexts. [1] The Best Liberal Quotes Ever : Why the Left is Right (2004) by William P. Martin, p. 173. [2] Later revealed not to be the biological father but at this stage of the novel all the reader and Celie know alike is that he is Pa. [3] //leading to criticism from many Critics as they believe that Walker gives an unrealisitic interpretation of African-American men making them seem barbarous. [4] -2 [5] Valerie Sweeney Prince, Burnin Down the House: Home in African American Literature, New York: Columbia University Press, 2005 [6] Charles L. Proudfit, Celies Search for Identity: A Psychoanalytic Developmental Reading of Alice Walkers The Color Purple, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, JSTOR. [7] Alice Walker, The Color Purple, Hachette UK, google books,p. 6. [8] https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jhPGJeTIIisCpg=PA182lpg=PA182dq=heroine+celiesource=blots=D1Y9ayFzjAsig=y2h-11mMOkKSFBJu_FiyItjcYxAhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjQnO2t4cfSAhWJA8AKHSULDs0Q6AEIPjAI#v=onepageq=heroine%20celief=false come back to [9] Charles L. Proudfit, Celies Search for Identity: A Psychoanalytic Developmental Reading of Alice Walkers The Color Purple, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, JSTOR. P. 17. [10] [11] P. 174 [12] [13] Alice Walker, The Handmaids Tale, Random House,   New York. P. 30. [14] Color purple pg. 42. [15] HT pg. 40. [16] https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/mar/09/alice-walker-beauty-in-truth-interview women, at this point, are comfortable referring to themselves as guys, and basically erasing their femininity at every opportunity. I dont get it. [17] S peaking in Tongues and Dancing Diaspora [NM1]AO1: Articulate informed, personal and creative responses to literary texts, using associated concepts and terminology, and coherent, accurate written expression. 26.7% AO2: Analyse ways in which meanings are shaped in literary texts. 26.7% AO3: Demonstrate understanding of the significance and influence of the contexts in which literary texts are written and received. 21.9% AO4: Explore connections across literary texts.   14% AO5: Explore literary texts informed by different interpretations. 11% [NM2]Handmaids tale society is so oppressive See Libby Barton for essay title [NM3]Puritan link

Fast Food Restaurants And Food-processing Companies Are the Ghost Murde

The study is to show how the food industry and the fast-food restaurants dictate the laws of the feeding process through the manipulation of people and governments. Nowadays, the food industry calls all the shots of the game and kills little by little the American society and the animal race. The idea is to prove this hidden reality by explaining the process of the fast food restaurants, including their organization, and prove the damages on the human body, either psychologically nor physiologically. Indeed, the fast food restaurants work in cooperation with the food-processing industry, which produces, delivers and fixes the price over the market. But this intensive activity is possible because of the unethical behaviors of the companies ready to do anything to make money: increase the productivity of each living species, including ill-treatments of animals and genetic modification of plants, decrease the costs of production, and increase the seizure of power over Mother Nature . In this context, this research paper leads to the conclusion that everybody is weak in front of the money power bred by the present society. Nevertheless, some people try to fight again this limitless power in the USA with the rapid expansion of the organic food market in the USA but also the interest of famous gastronomic cookers to build restaurants in the USA to answer the demand of high social class. Unfortunately, this is just the start of the food-industry’s revival and it will take a long time to dominate this living hell. The society of the last and present century is composed of busy and in a hurry people. Priority has been given to the work, helped by the philosophy of the American dream: hard work, prosperity and success. In t... ... and nutrient intake profile." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 103.10 (2003): 1332-1338. Seelow, Soren. "Monsanto, Un Demi-sià ¨cle De Scandales Sanitaires." Le Monde.fr. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2014 Spiroux De Vendomois Joel, Dominique Cellier, Christian Vellot, and Emilie Clair. Debate on GMOs Health Risks after Statistical Findings in Regulatory Tests. Tech. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 5 Oct. 2010. Web. Spiroux De Vendà ´mois Joà «l, Franà §ois Roullier, Dominique Cellier, and Gilles-Eric Sà ©ralini. A Comparison of the Effects of Three GM Corn Varieties on Mammalian Health. Rep. International Journal of Biological Sciences May 2005. Web Super Size Me. Dir. Morgan Spurlock. Perf. Morgan Spurlock. Youtube. N.p., 7 May 2004. Web. "What Are The Human Health Effects Of PCBs?" What Are The Human Health Effects Of PCBs? Ed.

Prohibition :: essays research papers

PROHIBITION Paragraph 1: What it is, How it came about. Prohibition is considered as a period of time in the 1920’s when alcohol was controlled by the government. Alcohol, at this time in history, was illegal unless for medical or industrial purposes. This government control came about because of the fact that people were drinking too much and â€Å"destroying the moral fiber of America.† (Martin 76). Protestant congregations and women’s groups also wished to eliminate the consumption of alcohol. Alcohol has been part of American society since the colonist came over on the Mayflower. At that time, alcohol was safer to drink that the contaminated water or unpasteurized milk, and cheaper than tea or coffee imported from India and Spain. As time went on and technology improved, the need for alcohol diminished greatly. Political leaders at this time were seeing alcohol as a public curse. Abraham Lincoln was quoted as saying â€Å"Alcohol . . . used by everybody, repudiated by nobody† (Cashman 68). Paragraph 2: The Enforcement Before the turn of the century, alcohol abuse was getting out of control. Employees were forced to pay the many liquor-related accidents that occurred at work. Saloons, outnumbering schools, libraries, hospitals, theaters, parks or churches (ns.headroyce 1), were everywhere and competing for the drinker’s money. These saloons had prostitutes, permitted gambling, sold alcohol to minors, encouraged violence and public drunkenness, and were believed to corrupt the local government into passing laws in favor of them. 1873, the Anti-Saloon League of America (ASL) formed to inform people about the harms of alcohol abuse. These people would march from church to the saloons with bibles and prayer. An onlooker was noted as saying, â€Å"These people have a noble cause at heart and the means to accomplish was needs to be done† (Martin 97). At the turn of the century, the ASL, along with similar groups, voted members into Congress with overwhelming support. By 1917, over two-third s of the members in Congress were ASL-supported. These members passed laws toward nationwide prohibition. Paragraph 3: The End In 1919, all 48 states ratified the 18 Constitutional Amendment, outlawing alcohol sales unless for medical or industrial use. For a while, this helped. However, a new generation was just coming of age in America. These young people were considered corrupt by the society outside of their own. The people drank, engaged in multiple love affairs, and openly disobeyed the law.

Eulogy for Father :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Father "I have been having a lot of feelings since my father's illness and death and we will see how long the feelings will allow me to speak. By far the biggest feeling I have had has been gratefulness. Gratefulness to have stood in the shade of my father's tree. Because to me my father was like a tree in many ways. An oak tree. An oak who's taproot was anchored in faith and in the Divine, and with branches and leaves that act as a home for those around. I stood in that home and for that I am so grateful. It's an experience that I wish I could condense into a couple of words and then tell you. People I talk to say sometimes "I guess you can't expect your family to be like the Brady Bunch." I don't have the heart to tell them that I wouldn't ever trade my family for that, nor for anyone. It was an incredible experience to grow up in my family with my mother and father. My father’s tree was stable, you couldn't push it, and it was strong. It was a place for everyone around him to glow. He wanted others to glow. He enjoyed and reveled in the glow of everyone around him...not only his own. It is a beautiful thing for a man to be able to do that. I honor him for that. And boy, do I feel a little dwarfed by comparison. A couple of weeks ago I told him, "Dad, you have always done things so deliberately and calmly you have been a great role model for me. I just feel so overwhelmed by trying to follow in your footsteps." He looked at me and motioned with his hand as if throwing a ball at me and said, "Oh you're all right." Somehow that "oh you're all right" was the biggest blessing. He had told me many times that he loved me, that he was proud of what I did, but this sunk deeply into me and I felt it as a blessing from him like I had never received before. All the times my father told me of his love for me, or how he was proud of what I was doing or what ever, were still with me but this simple phrase moved me in a unique way. I think I can speak for all of my siblings when I say that we always knew within our family that we were loved.

Information Governance

Information governance is generally the act of storing, protecting and integrating data acquired from different sources. Efficient maintenance of the stored health care data provides space for health institutions to create a friendly atmosphere with the patients, individualize treatments,improve communication levels and thus health outcomes. Electronic health records (EHR) technology, which records and stores patients' information electronically, helps the healthcare administrators to consolidate, centralize and securely get in touch with patients' data. This technology has become helpful in information governance system because it enhance a comprehensive knowledge about the patient and enables personalized interactions by integrating patients' data from all required sources. Health analysts play a key role in the data management system by providing insightful knowledge from patterns and correlations on healthcare data. From this, one can deduce a health problem that mainly affects a certain age group, hence elevate population health results through tracking present health trends and foresee upcoming ones. The incorporation of mobile health tools and patients' portals in the health data management systems has made it easier for the patients to interact with the healthcare personnel. The personal interaction between the physician and the patient has enhanced the privacy level, which every patient desires.Information about a physician derived from claims data enables a healthcare management system to deduce his or her behavior and decide on the physician's placement area. By understanding the physician's area of specialization in a certain department and assigning him to his specialty it will lead to increase in volume of the referral rates hence high revenue income.Physicians and healthcare management personnel ought to be very keen when collecting patients' data and marketing department need to focus on creating awareness on stabilizing data management systems. Knowledgeable and impactful business decisions based on the provided data will be attained due to the involvement of every party in the healthcare sector.

An Investigation into using Artificial Intelligence in Education

Over the past decennary, educational establishments have progressively offered online, web-based classs. While there has been a great trade of research comparing the effectivity of online and traditional classs ( Young, 2006 ) , there has been less research on how to utilize instructional design schemes to increase pupil battle, pupil satisfaction, and accomplishment in online classs ( Gunter, 2007 ) . Research has shown that instructional immediateness can increase knowledge and pupil success ( LaRose & A ; Whitten, 2000 ) . Educators learning online have turned to assorted engineerings to better student-to-instructor interactions. Personal response systems, teleconferencing tools, and computer-supported collaborative acquisition ( CSCL ) environments have been used ( Soh, Khandaker, & A ; Jiang, 2008 ) . Educators have used confabs Sessionss to ease communicating, every bit good. However, pupils frequently are required to run into in a confab room or teleconferencing during preset times. While holding synchronal meetings does better student-to-instructor interaction, these systems are mostly inactive ( Soh et al, 2008 ) . Artificial intelligence is a engineering that can supply immediate responses to user inquiries and it can accommodate to single users demands. This paper will discourse what unreal intelligence is and how unreal intelligence has been used. It is hypothesized that the usage of unreal intelligence in online classs will increase pupil success and battle. Artificial intelligence can be defined as the scientific discipline and technology of making intelligent machines, computing machine plans in peculiar ( McCarthy, 2007 ) . There are multiple subdivisions of unreal intelligence or AI, as it will be referred to for the balance of this paper. Logical AI refers to what a plan knows about the universe in general and the facts of a peculiar state of affairs in which it must move. Goals are represented by mathematical logical linguistic communication and the AI Acts of the Apostless by infering which actions are appropriate for accomplishing its ends ( McCarthy ) . Search AI plans study big Numberss of possibilities. A cheat playing computing machine is an illustration of a hunt AI plan. There are pattern acknowledgment AI plans. These types of AI plans are programmed to compare what it sees with a form. There are AI plans that can be after or larn from experience ( McCarthy ) . These illustrations of assorted AI plan types are non thorough . AI plans have been designed for multiple educational intents. I-MINDS is an AI plan that has been created to assist teachers with schoolroom direction and to increase pupil coaction. The theoretical model of the I-MINDS intelligent computer-supported collaborative acquisition ( CSCL ) environment was based on three cardinal rules. In the first rule, the writers proposed constructing a CSCL system that was â€Å" antiphonal, flexible, distributed, and adaptative to single pupil behaviours † ( Khandaker et al. , 2008, p. 3 ) . In the 2nd rule, the writers desired to construct a CSCL â€Å" that is able to germinate over clip in footings of its pedagogical cognition, pupil and even group mold, and public presentation in determination support † ( Khandaker et al. , 2008, p. 3 ) . In the 3rd rule, the writers proposed constructing a CSCL system â€Å" is able to organize effectual pupil larning groups on its ain † ( Khandaker et al. , 2008, p. 3 ) . The writers studied the impact of I-MINDS on structured concerted acquisition. A two-semester survey was launched at the University of Nebraska during the Spring and Fall semesters of 2005. I-MINDS was deployed and evaluated in an introductory computing machine scientific discipline class. The survey utilized a control subdivision where a group of pupils did non utilize I-MINDS. The writers ‘ consequences show â€Å" that I-MINDS can back up concerted larning efficaciously in the topographic point of face-to-face coaction among pupils in hebdomadal research lab Sessionss † ( Khandaker et al. , 2008, p. 28 ) . The consequences besides show that modular extension to the system is supported. Finally, I-MINDS collected informations that provided critical information on pupil group activities. This showed that I-MINDS can be used efficaciously as a test-bed for educational research. AI plans can be developed to supply individualised and adaptative linguistic communication acquisition and vocabulary tutoring. In Personalization of Reading Passages Improves Vocabulary Acquisition by Heilman, Collins-Thompson, Callan, & A ; Eskenazi, the REAP tutoring system, which provides English as a Second Language vocabulary pattern, was examined. Harmonizing to the writers, â€Å" REAP can automatically personalise direction by supplying pattern readings about subjects that match involvements every bit good as domain-based, cognitive aims † ( Heilman, Collins-Thompson, Callan, & A ; Eskenazi, 2010 ) . The writers pointed out that most old research on motive in intelligent tutoring environments has focused on increasing extrinsic motive. The writers focused their survey on increasing personal involvement. The pupils in the survey were indiscriminately split into control and intervention groups. The control status coach selected texts to maximise domain-based ends. The t reatment-condition coach besides preferred texts that matched personal involvements. The consequences show positive effects of personalization. In add-on, the importance of negociating between motivational and domain-based ends was demonstrated ( Heilman et al. , 2010 ) . Gunter, G. ( 2007 ) . The effects of the impact of instructional. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 2 ( 3 ) , 195-201. Heilman, M. , Collins-Thompson, K. , Callan, J. , & A ; Eskenazi, M. ( 2010 ) . Personalization of reading transitions improves vocabulary. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 20, 73-98. LaRose, R. , & A ; Whitten, P. ( 2000 ) . Re-thinking instructional immediateness for web classs: A societal cognitive geographic expedition. Communication Education, 49 ( 4 ) , 320-338. McCarthy, J. ( 2007, November ) . What is Artificial Intelligence? Retrieved February 14, 2011, from Basic Questions: hypertext transfer protocol: //www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node1.html Soh, L. , Khandaker, N. , & A ; Jiang, H. ( 2008 ) . I-MINDS: a multiagent system for intelligent computer-supported collaborative acquisition and schoolroom direction. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 18 ( 2 ) . Young, S. ( 2006 ) . Student positions of effectual online instruction in higher. The American Journal of Distance Education, 20 ( 2 ) .

Ethnic Market Essay

With mounting western influence and focus on revival of traditional Indian fashion elements, diversity in India sees many faces. To maintain the dignity of the culture and to provide a platform to small Indian brands, future group initiated ethnocentrism concept by opening ethnicity store in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. This initiative has provided new format insights to organized retailers to expand their horizons in highly volatile Indian consumer oriented market. A new format has always been a challenge to any retailer to sustain into the market. In the changing face of market, to regain preference of consumers towards nationalized brands, can be looked from a confronting angle. This created an anxiety in the mind of researchers and inspired them to undergo the research to understand the ethnicity concept. Ethnicity format is studied based on the first ethnicity store set up in the city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat and glimpses are taken from the second and third store set up in Mumbai and Pune respectively. Research is secondary followed by primary in nature. This paper gives insights into the overall set up of ethnicity format that includes differentiating Criteria’s of ethnicity in comparison to regular retail formats based on observation at the store. Questionnaire based survey is also performed to get opinion on ethnicity store and paper gives insights into preferential category for purchase for future developments Consumers have given a very good response to the new concept. Along with shopping, experiences of consumers’ with the format have given a lasting impact on their mind-set. Further Raja market, Rani Market, Thoda aur market are found attractive to consumers and have gained good preference of consumers followed by Sona-chandi market Chota India and Ghar aangan market. The insights into concept development and suggested potential extended formats of ethnicity may readily work as a pillar to stand into the market for new retailers. Keywords: Ethnicity, Ethnocentrism, Organized Retail, Nationalized brands. Introduction Indian fashion industry is moving towards westernization due to high level of acceptance of foreign brands by the consumers. Due to this ,western brands are getting a wider platform than the ethnic brands across the country. As a result, national/ethnic products are even overlooked by consumers and time may come that such products may disappear from the market. To protect the Indian heritage, Future group took up the maiden initiative to provide a space to Indian products and brands under its own name and fame Future Group, India’s leading business house with strong presence in retail sector, launched a new retail format, family lifestyle store – Ethnicity, in Ahmadabad to market ethnic brands and products of India in 2008. This chain is a major family format developed after the launch of *Professor, G. H. Patel Post Graduate Institute of Business Management, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar. **Assistant Professor, N. R. Institute of Business Management (GLS-MBA), Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad. Pacific Business Review International 2 highly successful family formats like Pantaloons, Big Bazaar, and Home Town. The new store format that has been billed as ‘Everything Indian, seeks to promote ethnic brands, ranging from ethnic and fusion wear, Jewellery, handicrafts, home decor, beauty products to accessories and gifts. ‘ Thus ethnicity showcases a large number of small Indian brands under one roof. Ethnicity besides promoting the culture of ethnic products, provide a modern platform to augment the presence of the retailers into the industry. Research Objectives †¢ †¢ †¢ To understand the concept of ethnicity as a new retail format To understand differentiating factors of ethnicity store in comparison to the modern retail stores. To understand the consumers’ preference towards the new format. Scope of the Study The study has explored the concept of ethnicity. In includes understanding of the theme and concept development, merchandise development and differentiation criteria of format in comparison to existing formats. Further to understand acceptance of the new format, consumers’ preference towards the offerings has also been analyzed Data Collection Sources Secondary data sources have been used to understand the concept the ethnicity. Information has been taken from leaflet provided by ethnicity store of Ahmedabad, and Company website to get insights into ethnicity store of Pune and Mumbai. Articles kept on the websites are also used at the launch of ethnicity. Primary data has been collected through questionnaire to know consumers preference towards the new format. Respondents were the consumers of Ahmedabad who visited ethnicity store. Sample of 100 respondents was administered out of which 94 responses identified as valid sample for the study. Literature Review Ethnic origin has been defined as a group of people who share a common descent, a sense of collective identity and usually a shared cultural heritage and tradition (Crysdale and Bettie, 1973). Ethnicity implies common customs, values, and attitudes within a group of people who are bound by a common cultural identification. Because values reflect a standard or criterion that people use in the guidance of behavior, they act as a norm for ethnic consumer behavior and an influence on many consumption motives. Ethnic Marketing Ethnic marketing is an important aspect of lifestyle marketing, a strategy that tailors a company’s products and services towards the customer’s lifestyles. According to Technopak Analysis, the current market of sarees and ethnic wear stands at Rs 31,000 crore and is projected to grow at 10 per cent to reach Rs 45,000 crore in 2014. Views expressing rationale towards ethnic marketing Mr. Arvind Singhal, chairman of management consulting and retail specialist firm Technopak Advisors (201011) said, â€Å"Overall apparel category spends are rising, with special focus on ethnic wear brands, where many new brands have emerged as market heroes. They sensed the vacuum in the market, ease of entry, and attracted women – the most interesting target consumer, which places the Indian ethnic wear market at Rs. 56,800 Crore, growing at 9% annually†. Govind Shrikhande, customer care associate and managing director, Shoppers Stop said â€Å"Branded ethnic Volume 5 Issue 5 (November 2012) wear is one of the top selling categories in our stores. For the past few years this segment has seen double digit growth,† Mr. Gaurav Mahajan, CEO, Westside, a Tata group company said ,†Indian ethnic wear is an integral part of our customer promise. We widened the Westside range and introduced Zuba, which offers silks and authentic handlooms. This autumn will see the launch of two more brands,† Mr. Rakesh Biyani, joint managing director, Future Group said ,†There is a significant rise in demand for women’s ethnic clothing. There is a big gap between the opportunity and what is being delivered today by organized players. This gap identification generated a lead to cover the untapped ethnic market and future group took up the initiative to establish ethnicity store as a revolution in the existing apparel format. Concept development of Ethnicity Store by Future Group. Store Design Future Group has launched the first of a chain of stores aimed at retailing Indian wear in 2008 in Ahmedabad city. It is the branded ‘Ethnicity’ store that keeps the a range of ethnic and fusion wear, jewelry, handicrafts, home decor, beauty products and accessories and gifts. All the products are India inspired. The store is having a spread over an area of 25,000 to 30,000 sq. ft. Store Objective The apparel labeled as traditional and indoor clothing a decade ago, has laid the foundation for today’s contemporary Indian ethnic chic. Ethnicity proudly follows the Indian values of being sensitive to Ahmedabad city, environment and community. It provides a platform to bring together traditional or ethnic 3 retailers and consumers. It recreates the know-how of a traditional ethnic market in a modern retail format and is an aggregator of the multi-faceted ethnic merchandise and traditional selling practices. It revives and rejuvenates anything and everything that is Indian. It aims to truly open out the urban ethnic market and redefine the scale of ethnic merchandising. Ethnic-Theme Positioning at the Store The concept Ethnicity is not limited to ethnic clothing but it is a destination to get the unique experience. The key differentiator for Ethnicity lies in its 360-degree shopping experience. Ethnicity’s store design reflects a distinctly ethnic character – visual merchandising tools include artifacts, paintings and decor pieces from Rajasthan, Orissa and Gujarat. â€Å"Visual merchandising at ethnicity is like the synopsis of a story book†. Ethnicity has gone the â€Å"Desi way (Highly traditional)† to become attractive and communicative. It is vital to not only be a differentiated retailer but also to draw out the true essence of the products. Branding in ethnic wear has been led by region of origin of the product like Benaresi sarees, Lucknowi kurta, Kutchchi Bandhani. The store is colorfully designed and the flashiness gives it an ambience of luxury and festivity. Atmosphere at Ethincity Store Atmospheric at ethnicity store is a reflection of Indian heritage. Instead of halogen lights, everywhere light is reflected by lanterns. Instead of room freshener or perfumes, a raw fragrant of essential oil from flowers known as attar is used to mesmerizes the entrant and bring them to the Indian culture. All the racks for display of merchandise are developed from wooden and outside decoration is of handicraft, which gives a reflection of Indian art. Instead of having all the racks or shelves for display, few of the merchandise is displayed on cot. Store assistants are dressed in ethnic kurtas for refreshments, Coconut water is served in a lorry (Cart) which gives a flavor of typical Indian culture, on the road serving. Pacific Business Review International 4 Use of multi colors, art and fancy designs, air fragrance and traditional lightings give all time festival feeling experience. market. Chosen name for the market is based on arterial language of India. With the theme of ethnocentrism, the collection represents only Indian brands in all the merchandise. Merchandise at Ethnicity Store All the offerings are divided into a â€Å"Niche name† of Overall Analysis of Ethnicity Store Table 1 Store Sections Generic category name Ethnic name at ethnicity store Women’s wear category Rani market-everything ethnic for women Men’s wear category Raja market-everything ethnic for men Kid’s wear category Chota India market Jewellery/ accessories Sona –chandi market- ethnic Jewellery Home accessories Ghar –aangan- ethnic ideas for your home Stationary/medical items Thoda aur- ethnic accessories and more Source: http://www. indiaretailing. com/organising-ethnic-retail. asp Data Analysis Regular formats of organized retail stores have their specific offerings. While ethnicity store has differentiated the same to give a new experience to the consumers. Based on observation at ethnicity store, the following comparison has been made to derive the differentiation criteria Table 2 Comparative Analysis: Organized Regular Retail Format V/s. Ethnicity Format Parameter Organized Retail Organized retailOutlet outlet Theme A move culture Objective To give exposure to western To give platform to Indian brands culture dynamics and appeal to ethnocentrism Size of the outlet Large size Comparatively small size Structure Vertical departmentation Horizontal departmentation. Availability of brands Global brands Only Indian brands Atmospheric Exclusive halogen lights lantern /yellow lights towards Ethnicity Store Ethnicity store western A move towards Indian legacy Volume 5 Issue 5 (November 2012) 5 Decoration No additional decoration Fully decorated with colors, lamps, handicraft ,puppets etc. -looks like all time festival Music Western songs Indian instrumental Fragrance Room fresheners Raw fragrant of essential oil from flowers known as attar Shelves Racks Along with racks Traditional village themed cots with four legs Merchandise division Products are separate Gender wise product bundling. Apparel gets displayed in one section, accessories other section, footwear another section and so on e. g. Raja market includes apparel ,accessories ,footwear addressing men. Rani market includes apparel, accessories, footwear for women Merchandise name English names Traditional Indian names Store assistant’s dressing Western formal wear Traditional Indian kurta Packaging Plastic printed bags Paper bags with traditional look Merchandise Western outfits western designs and indo- Indian traditional embroidery work outfits with Shoes Mojaris and chappals Indo-western painting Handicraft Cosmetic products. Natural ayurvedic products and aromatherapy Perfumes Incense stick, fragrances Light chandelier Candles and Lantern Artificial jewellery Stone work, Kundan jewellery Refreshments Food court with multi cuisine Small push cart/lorry with coconut water Deliverable Shopping Experience attar, natural Source: Primary data collection through observation Analysis of Consumers Preference Towards Ethnicity Store: Consumers survey has been performed to get insights into their experience towards the format with the help of questionnaire. Respondents were the consumers who visited the ethnicity store. Pacific Business Review International 6 Figure 1 Consumers’ Preference towards the Market based Merchandise at Ethnicity Store with Mean Rank ( where 1 is least and 5 is maximum) 0 1 2 3 4 5 4. 25 Raja Market 4. 02 Rani Market 2. 80 Chota India 3. 20 Sona Chandi Ghar Aangan 2. 05 4. 15 Thoda aur Source: Primary data collection through questionnaire Consumers’ preference towards the ethnic theme based markets is analyzed to know the preferred market. This analysis is aimed at developing the market to increase the preference †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Consumers are highly satisfied with Raja Market offerings followed by Rani market and thoda aur market. New introductions in thoda aur market like lamps, candle and fragrances, ayurvedic products etc have grabbed attention of people which gives a lead to introduce more unique and Indian traditional items. Sona chandi market has got a good response. Thus it can be interpreted that fashion accessories in ethnic look are keeping tune with the ethnic garments. As per consumers opinion, Chota India is yet to gain preference may be because of traditional designs that are not preferred more for kids in †¢ comparison to western attractive outfits with cartoon characters Again as per consumers opinion, Ghar aangan is also yet to gain preference may be because of bed sheets, utensils, toys , purchase for rituals like puja ka saaman etc. have pre-existence of established unorganized market. Volume 5 Issue 5 (November 2012) 7 Consumers’ Preference towards Ethnic Products for Three Most Preferred Markets Figure 2 Preference has been Analyzed towards Offerings for Females as Rani Market Source: Primary data collection through questionnaire Fusion wear and Mix & Match are able to attract consumers as it is a new and unique base of ethnic products. As Saari, salwaar kamiz have become a common purchase and many platforms are available to address the demand, preference is found at the moderate level. Figure 3 Preference has been Analyzed towards Offerings for Males as Raja Market Source: Primary data collection through questionnaire In men’s wear traditional wear in the form of Jodhpuri, Chudidar and kurtas along with traditional mojaris have attracted consumers to larger extent Pacific Business Review International 8 Figure 4 Preference has been Analyzed towards Offerings for Thoda Aur Market Source: Primary data collection through questionnaire Full range of Fragrances and Candles & Incense has been introduced by ethnicity store. It has got extra ordinary preference of consumers. Thus it has contributed towards maintenance of Indian legacy Consumers preference towards Aromatherapy Aromatherapy is the use of aromatic plant oils, including essential oils, for psychological and physical wellbeing. Aroma therapists blend therapeutic essential oils especially for each individual and suggest methods of use such as topical application, massage, inhalation or water immersion to stimulate the desired responses. Aroma therapy oils may include : †¢ Peppermint – Digestive disorders †¢ Rosemary – Muscular pains, mental stimulant †¢ Sandalwood – Depression, anxiety and nervous tension †¢ Sweet orange – Depression and anxiety. †¢ Tea tree – Respiratory problems, antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral †¢ Lavender – Headaches, insomnia, burns, aches and pain Ethnicity store has provided the platform for Aromatherapy. Full range of essential oils has been displayed to generate the awareness and preference towards the same. It is aimed at generating awareness towards ayurvedic medicine in the arena of allopath for better and secure treatment. Ethnicity has taken maiden initiative to mould the consumers psychology towards naturopath. (Graph on next page) It can be interpreted from figure-5 that first hand response has been satisfactory with 49% for. Aromatherapy and thus it enjoys the potential to increase the preference in future. The atmospheric of traditional products is supporting the purchase of traditional way of health supplements. The advice and explanation given along with the product has played important role in making realization to go for natural products Volume 5 Issue 5 (November 2012) 9 Figure 5 Preference has been Analyzed for Aroma Therapy Source: Primary data collection through questionnaire Figure 6 Analysis of Consumers’ Satisfaction towards Ethnicity Store: Consumers’ level of satisfaction towards the differentiated offerings has been analyzed. Such analysis is aimed at identifying the most appealing differentiation for future positioning of the store and developing the strategies that may lead to future satisfaction Competitive Assessment Matrix with Mean Rank ( Where 1 is least and 5 is maximum) Regular Organized Retail Formats and Ethnicity Store Consumers’ satisfaction on competitive assessment matrix 0 1 2 3 4 5 4. 05 4. 95 Theme 2. 30 2. 60 Price 3. 25 4. 00 Variety 3. 94 4. 35 Display 4. 00 Experience Source: Primary data collection through questionnaire Keys : Regular organized retail outlets Ethnicity store 5. 00 Pacific Business Review International 10 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢. Competitive assessment matrix depicts that ethnicity theme is highly appealing to the people. The differentiation point of giving experience to the consumers than only to provide a platform for shopping is getting correct positioning in the mind set of consumers as it is applauded by consumers with the mean rank of 4. 95. Unique display of ethnicity is highly appreciated by consumers in comparison to regular organized retail formats. On the dimension of variety ethnicity is lagging behind in comparison, the contributing reason may be limited number of Indian brands into each category. As far as pricing is concerned none of the outlets satisfied the consumers expectation. It brings out the fact that price structure is too high. Here opportunity lies with ethnicity store to discriminate pricing strategy to get competitive edge over other formats. It might be feasible to reformulate the pricing strategy due to nationalized brands. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Suggestions †¢ Major Findings †¢ †¢ †¢ Ethnicity is indeed a revolutionary move towards consumers’ ethnocentrism. National players have also joined hands with the big retailer and accepted the opportunity to address the mass market. Thus it has contributed to a greater extent in providing a wider platform to small retailer of India. Further is has contributed towards generating awareness of ethnic products and brands of allover India which were not noticed by the consumers and importance was not realized by consumers. It is an absolutely unique model into organized retail formats. Everything starting from atmospherics to collection of brands, merchandise display and packaging is uniquely positioned with the nationalized theme. It provides a feel-good factor and thrilling experience to the consumers. Consumers are getting attracted by the theme and getting exposed and penetrated by ethnic products. Today consumers look for fashionable clothes. National brands which were not recognized earlier, have provided a platform of fashion to explore Consumers are highly satisfied with Raja Market offerings followed by Rani market and thoda aur market. Fusion wear, Mix & Match, Jodhpuri,Kurtas, Chudidars, Mojaris and fragrances ,candles and incense are able to get preference of people. Aroma therapy is able to get good welcome form the consumers. Ethnic designs are getting acceptance in the form of novelty. In all this innovative concept well applauded by consumers as they are getting exposed to all the variety and designs of products of all the corners of India under one roof. †¢ †¢ †¢ More Indian retailers should be motivated to provide huge collection of ethnic products in the categories of mens’ wear and women’s wear to provide more varieties. There is a need to increase the range of aroma therapy offerings to increase the awareness and consumption. Fragrances, candles and incense offerings have brought Indian values back in the preferences. This has showcased a very good business potential as a whole. There is a need to provide more and more offerings into the segment with more and more varieties. Potential revolutions into existing format of ethnicity for India. Format can be expanded by introducing specialties of major states/cities of India †¢ Rajasthan market – Art & craft †¢ Jamnagar market-Bandhani Volume 5 Issue 5 (November 2012) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Bangalore -Silk garments Chennai- Pearl jewellery Kerala market-Spices Format can be expanded by introducing specialty food of major states/cities of India it may help to give a back shift to the consumer trend which is moving towards western food Gujarati food Punjabi food South Indian food Rajasthani food North Indian food Kathiyawadi food Potential revolutions into existing format of ethnicity for other countries. It has been witnessed that countries are getting specialized into technological innovations but spread of such innovations into the same continent reflects questionable behavior of consumers. Many a times it is because of lack of awareness. Such type of format may provide a common platform to explore the small innovative products at consumer end E. g. European countries. Fashion based Ethnicity- As fashion industry is one of the major growing industries in Europe, all fashion statements can be displayed under one platform †¢ Fashion statement of Italy †¢ Fashion statement of France †¢ Fashion statement of United kingdom Technology based ethnicity- Technical Research. & innovation driven countries, all innovations can be displayed under one platform †¢ Big to small innovative products of Finland †¢ Big to small innovative products of Germany †¢ IT & Renewable technology based products from Sweden †¢ Electric technology innovations of Netherland E. g. Asian Countries 11 Technology based ethnicity. †¢ Robotic technology based innovative small to big products from South Korea & Japan References Crysdale and Bettie, 1973, Retrieved from, http:// www. manifolddatamining. com /html /products/ ethnicmarketing. htm on 15/02/2012 Anuradha Shukla, Ethnic wear market booms in India retrieved from http://wonderwoman. intoday. in/ story/ethnic-wear-market-booms-in-india/1/ 88440. html http://indiatoday. intoday. in/story/ethnic-wear-marketto-grow/1/124981. html retrieved on 06/02/2012 koregaonparkplaza, pune (2011) retrieved from http:// w w w. k o r e g a o n p a r k p l a z a . c o m / s t o r s details. asp? id=77&catid=1&st=1 retrieved on 06/ 02/2012 Runul Vashistha, (2009) retrieved from http:// www. indiar et a iling. com/ R et ailC oncep t _ details. aspx? Id=58 retrieved on 02/02/2012 Pooja nair, (2009). retrieved from http://ahmedabad. metromela. com/Lamps+and+ethnic+ wear+at+. Ethnicity/article/3183 retrieved on 15/02/2012 Shailesh Shah, (2012). Ethnicity: Towards organising ethnic retail, retrieved from http: // www. indiaretailing. com/organising-ethnicretail. asp retrieved on 02/02/2012 http://www. pantaloonretail. in/pdf/ethnicity_karigari. pdf Reference Book Jr. Churchill Gilbert A. , Lacobucci Dawn, Israel D. , (2009),†Marketing Research- A South Asian Perspective†, India Edition, Delhi: Cencage Learning. Additional material Leaflet circulated at ethnicity store 12 Glossary Attar: A fragrant of essential oil typically made from rose petals Ayurvedic: It is a Hindu system of traditional medicine native to India and a form of alternative medicine. Ayurveda can be defined as a system, which uses the inherent principles of nature, to help maintain health in a person by keeping the individual’s body, mind and spirit in perfect equilibrium with nature Bandhani: A process of patterning cloth by tie-dyeing in which the design is reserved on the undyed cloth by tying small spots very tightly with thread to protect them from the dye especially popular in Rajasthan and India Chappal: An item of Indian footwear, similar to a flipflop with a toe strap Chota (India market): Younger, junior child related products. Pacific Business Review International Kundan Jewellery: Kundan is a traditional Indian gemstone jewelry, a method of gem setting in a jewellery piece, consisting of inserting gold foil between the stones and its mount, usually used to create elaborate necklaces believed to have originate in royal courts of Rajasthan and Gujarat. It is the oldest form of jewellery made and worn in India Kurta: A knee-length, collarless shirt worn over pajamas by men in India Mojaris: A style of South Asian handcrafted footwear mostly using vegetable-tanned leatherproduced in India Organized retail: Organized retail has been defined as a network of similarly branded stores with an element of self service Raja (Market): A prince, chief, or ruler related products in India Rani (Market): Indian princess related products Ethnicity: Ethnicity implies common customs, values, and attitudes within a group of people who are bound by a common cultural identification Saree: a dress worn primarily by Hindu women; consists of several yards of light material that is draped around the body Ethnic groups: A group of people who share a common descent, a sense of collective identity and usually a shared cultural heritage and tradition Sona-chandi (market)-Gold & silver related products/jewellery Ethnic Marketing: Ethnic marketing is an important aspect of lifestyle marketing, a strategy that tailors a company’s products and services towards the customer’s lifestyles Ghar -aangan (market):Home decoration related products Handicraft: Items made by hand, often with the use of simple tools, and are generally artistic and/or traditional in nature . They are the objects of utility and objects of decoration. Incense stick: It is composed of aromatic biotic materials, which release fragrant smoke when burned Thoda aur (market): somewhat more than the existing here in the context of more than the regular offerings.